2. 外语
  3. To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates e

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates e

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问题     To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than "Monkey see, monkey do".
    Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.
    There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket(叫嚷)is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
    In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.
    Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
The first element at work when a child learns by imitation is _____.
选项 A、the need to find a way to attain the desired goal
B、the desire to be acknowledged by his social group
C、the desire to find an expert and authority
D、the need to find a way to avoid criticism
答案A
解析 第2段第2、3句提到，孩子处在新情况下，没有形成现成的反应。他寻找一个能够实现一定目的的反应。如果他对这个新情况既没有现成反应，又不能想出该怎么去做，就会想通过模仿来学习，所以在这个过程中起作用的第一个因素是寻找一个能够实现一定目的的反应，因此选项A为正确答案。
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大学英语六级

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