首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
自考
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
admin
2017-01-30
82
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards" ; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的)"drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to " reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement " switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side. Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to______.
选项
A、have the lights turned on
B、be rewarded with milk
C、please their parents
D、be praised
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GoPR777K
本试题收录于:
电子商务英语题库经管类分类
0
电子商务英语
经管类
相关试题推荐
Internet的引入对整个物流行业的社会化起着关键的作用,主要表现在哪些方面?
余额宝是支付宝推出的一项余额增值服务,用户把钱转入余额宝中就可获得一定的收益。余额宝交易过程完全经由Internet实现,用户可以不受时空限制,随时存取余额宝内的资金。余额宝提供了内容丰富、交互性强的使用帮助服务,以方便与用户的双向沟通。作为一款面向广
Humanbeingsactinadifferentwayfrom【C1】______ofanimalsjustbecausetheycanspeakwhileanimalscannot.【C2】______theclev
Humanbeingsactinadifferentwayfrom【C1】______ofanimalsjustbecausetheycanspeakwhileanimalscannot.【C2】______theclev
Humanbeingsactinadifferentwayfrom【C1】______ofanimalsjustbecausetheycanspeakwhileanimalscannot.【C2】______theclev
Koalaslookliketeddybears,【C1】______theyarenotbearsatall.Theyarereallyanimalscalledmarsupials.Theseanimalsc
particularfileformat
particularfileformat
随机试题
理性认识的特点是【】
女性,葡萄胎二次清宫术后6个月,阴道断续流血。妇科检查:阴道口5点处见2cm紫蓝色隆起物,宫颈光滑,子宫稍大,软,双附件正常。X线胸片未见异常,尿妊娠试验(+),挖除阴道病灶病理组织学切片见到成堆高度增生滋养细胞及血块,无绒毛阴影,最可能的诊断是
A.舌下腺B.下颌下腺C.腮腺D.腭腺E.磨牙后腺腺泡细胞癌主要发生在
大隐静脉高位结扎分段剥离术后患肢的位置()
以下()是向海关办理加工贸易合同备案时应提交的单证。
经济学家指出:任何经济有效率的国家都能创造财富。这样的国家只在财富平均分配时才能保持政治稳定。财富平均分配又会消灭风险,而风险正是经济运转中必不可少的前提条件。以下结论正确的是:
根据下列材料回答问题。某调查公司以不同年龄段市民为调查对象开展了黄金周主要休闲方式的抽样调查工作。下面的三角形表示不同年龄段的市民在采取五种休闲方式之一的人群中所占的比例。三角形顶点表示100%,相对应的基线表示0。A.代表外出旅游
A.minimizeslatenessandabsenteeismB.starttelecommutingprogramstelecommutingC.realitiesandpopularimagesD.tothe
考生文件夹下存在一个数据库文件“sam03.accdb”,里面已经设计好表对象“tUser”,同时还设计出窗体对象“fEdit”和“fLlser”。请在此基础上按照以下要求补充“fEdit”窗体的设计:(1)将窗体中名称为“IRemark”的标签
Ifyouintendusinghumourinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowto【C1】______sharedexperiencesandproblems.You
最新回复
(
0
)