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  3. A research led by the University of Sydney has found that people often think other people are staring at them even when they are

A research led by the University of Sydney has found that people often think other people are staring at them even when they are

admin2022-08-18  39
问题     A research led by the University of Sydney has found that people often think other people are staring at them even when they aren’t. When in doubt, the human brain is more likely to tell its owner that he’s under the gaze of another person.
    "Gaze perception—the ability to tell what a person is looking at—is a social cue that people often take for granted," says Professor Colin Clifford from the University’s School of Psychology.
    To tell if they’re under someone’s gaze, people look at the position of the other person’s eyes and the direction of their heads. These visual cues are then sent to the brain where there are specific areas that compute this information.
    However, the brain doesn’t just passively receive information from the eyes. The study shows that when people have limited visual cues, such as in dark conditions or when the other person is wearing sunglasses, the brain takes over with what it "knows".
    The researchers created images of faces and asked people to observe where the faces were looking. "We made it difficult for the observers to see where the eyes were pointed so they would have to rely on their prior knowledge to judge the faces’ direction of gaze," Professor Clifford explains. "It turns out that we’re likely to believe that others are staring at us, especially when we’re uncertain."
    "There are several speculations to why humans have this bias," Professor Clifford says. "Direct gaze can signal dominance or a threat, and if you perceive something as a threat, you would not want to miss it. So assuming that the other person is looking at you may simply be a safer strategy. Also, direct gaze is often a social cue that the other person wants to communicate with us, so it’s a signal for an upcoming interaction."
    "It’s important that we find out whether it’s innate or learned—and how this might affect people with certain mental conditions," Professor Clifford says.
    Research has shown, for example, that people who have autism (孤独症) are less able to tell whether someone is looking at them. People with social anxiety, on the other hand, have a higher tendency to think that they are under the stare of others.
    "So if it is a learned behaviour, we could help them practice this task—one possibility is letting them observe a lot of faces with different eyes and head directions, and giving them feedback on whether their observations are accurate."
What can be inferred from the last three paragraphs?
选项 A、It has been proved that direct gaze is learned.
B、It doesn’t matter if the bias is learned or not.
C、People who suffer from autism don’t look at others.
D、People with social anxiety are more likely to have the bias.
答案D
解析 细节题。根据题干定位到原文最后三段。倒数第三段中表明，弄清楚这种偏见是先天固有还是后天习得，对我们来说很重要。故排除A和B。倒数第二段中指出，研究表明，自闭症患者很难辨别他人是否在盯着自己，故排除C。相比之下，社交焦虑症患者则更容易认为自己正在他人的注视之下，因而D项表述符合原文，故选D。
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