首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It began with some marshmallows(棉花软糖). In the 1960s Walter Mischel, a psychologist then working at Stanford University, started
It began with some marshmallows(棉花软糖). In the 1960s Walter Mischel, a psychologist then working at Stanford University, started
admin
2016-09-09
52
问题
It began with some marshmallows(棉花软糖). In the 1960s Walter Mischel, a psychologist then working at Stanford University, started a series of experiments on young children. A child was left alone for 15 minutes with a marshmallow or similar treat, with the promise that, if it remained uneaten at the end of this period, a second would be added. Some of the children, who were aged four or five at the time, yielded to temptation before time was up. Others resisted, and held out for the reward.
Dr. Mischel then followed the children’s progress as they grew up. Those who had resisted, he found, did better at school than those who had given in. As adults they got better jobs, were less likely to use drugs and got into trouble with the law less frequently. Moreover, children’s family circumstances suggested that impulsive behavior was as much learned as inherited. This suggested that it could be unlearned—improving the child in question’s chances in life.
Study after study has confirmed Dr. Mischel’s insight. However, recent observations, however, raise the possibility that developing self-control is not always an unalloyed(纯粹的)good.
Work published two years ago by Gene Brody of the University of Georgia, who looked at a group of young black Americans, showed that those who exhibited self-control as teenagers did indeed get the expected benefits. But if such self-controllers came from deprived backgrounds, they developed higher blood pressure, were more likely to be obese and had higher levels of stress hormones than their less-self-controlled peers. That correlation did not apply to people who started farther up the social ladder.
Dr. Brody and his colleagues have followed this study with one that comes to an equally astonishing conclusion: for people born at the bottom of the social heap, self-control speeds up the process of ageing.
Dr. Brody and his colleagues followed almost 300 black American teenagers of different backgrounds as they aged from 17 to 22. For the first few years the researchers assessed their volunteers’ levels of self-control, and also looked for signs of depression, aggression and drug use. They assessed, too, those volunteers’ socioeconomic backgrounds. But the last examination, when participants were 22 years old, was different. Then, the researchers took a blood sample, recorded the DNA-methylation(DNA甲基化)patterns of cells in it, and worked out how much these deviated from the pattern expected at that particular age. As the study shows, for people from high-status backgrounds, higher self-control meant lower cellular ages. For those whose background was low-status, the reverse was true.
Dr. Brody’s findings are both intriguing and worrying. The research into gene methylation suggests changing methylation patterns are a common response to changing circumstances as well as changing age, as the body’s physiology struggles to keep up. Fortunately, people can change their circumstances in rational ways: the lesson of the marshmallows shows that. If Dr. Brody’s result is confirmed, the challenge it poses will be to work out how to avoid the adverse effects of self-control.
Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage?
选项
A、Social Background and Self-control.
B、What Benefits Will Self-control Bring?
C、How Should We Develop Self-control?
D、Probing the Effects of Self-control.
答案
D
解析
主旨大意题。文章开篇从一项实验研究讲起,说明白控力的培养与人的学业、事业的成就有所关联。而从第四段开始,作者又从另一个角度指出,对于不同社会背景的人而言,自控力可能会带来不同的影响,对于社会阶层较高的人,自控力会给其健康带来积极的影响,反之,则可能损害健康。综合看来,本文是在探究自控力的影响,故答案为D)。A)“社会背景与自控力”只能概括文章后半部分,即布罗迪博士的研究,不够全面,故可排除;B)“自控力可以带来什么益处?”从文中可以看出自控力并非总是带来益处,而是因人而异的,故可排除;C)“我们应该如何发展自控力?”作者只提到了自控力的影响,并没有说如何发展自控力,故可排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GzF7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Tracingtraveltrendsaroundthewholeworld.B、Helpingcountriespromotetourismcampaigns.C、Providingguidesforpeopleto
Overacenturyafteritended,theCivilWarremainsthefundamental【B1】_____inAmericanhistory.Itproducedalossoflife【B2】
Self-imageisthepictureyouhaveofyourself,thesortofpersonyoubelieveyouare.Includedinyourself-imagearethe【B1】_
AproposalforanewuniversityinCanadarecentlycaughtmyeyeforahostofreasons,nottheleastofwhichisthatitsstude
WhenMelissaMahanandherhusbandvisitedtheNetherlands,theyfeltimprisoned(被囚禁的)bytheirtourbus.Itforcedthemtoseet
A、Wind.B、Gas.C、Steampower.D、Solarpower.C
A、It’sbeenonthemarketforseveralmonths.B、Itrequirestheinvolvementoffamouspeople.C、Itissimpleforusersbuthard
A、Itguaranteesfederalinvestmentinschools.B、Itisauniversallawthatappliestoeveryuniversity.C、Itstopsgenderdiscr
IfthepopulationoftheEarthgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,therewilleventuallynotbeenoughresourcesleftto【B1】
America’srecenthistoryhasbeenapersistenttilttotheWest—ofpeople,ideas,commerceandevenpoliticalpower.California
随机试题
女性,40岁。反复手关节痛1年,曾诊断为类风湿关节炎,间断使用理疗和非甾体抗炎药,症状有缓解,近月来低热,关节痛加重,肘后出现多个皮下结节,检查ESR40mm/h,心脏彩超发现小量心包积液,考虑为类风湿关节炎活动期。对疾病活动诊断最有意义的检查
单极胸导V5电极应放在
牙周膜中来源于上皮的细胞成分是
在下列哪些情形下,用人单位不能解除劳动合同?()
下列表述中,不属于供用电、水、气、热力合同的特征的是()。
某公司甲车间采用滚动预算方法编制制造费用预算。已知2016年分季度的制造费用预算如下(其中间接材料费用忽略不计):2016年3月31日公司在编制2016年第二季度~2017年第一季度滚动预算时,发现未来的四个季度中将出现以下情况:(1)间接人工费用预
制售假冒伪劣商品在国际上被公认为“仅次于毒品的第二大公害”。为此,近年来我国不断整顿和规范市场经济秩序,在全国范围内展开声势浩大的打假斗争。国家各级质量监督部门之所以打击制售假冒伪劣商品,是因为()
下列关于维果斯基的最近发展区理论说法错误的是()
对城市建设焕然一新的追求.不仅会使城市记忆受到损坏甚至毁灭,也是对城市中人的生活情感的__________。城市中长期积淀形成的文化风格和人文环境,被当作了“过时”的东西予以__________或抛弃.城市记忆也因此没有了依托对象,公众的情感认同无法被唤起
Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?Whyisthecurrentpoliticsofwealthandpovertyse
最新回复
(
0
)