2. 外语
  3. Everyone remembers the whitewashing scene in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. But how many recall the scene that precedes it? Havin

Everyone remembers the whitewashing scene in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. But how many recall the scene that precedes it? Havin

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问题     Everyone remembers the whitewashing scene in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. But how many recall the scene that precedes it? Having escaped from Aunt Polly, Tom is teaching himself to whistle when he spies a "newcomer" in his village—a newcomer with "a citified air". They quarrel and wrestle in the dirt. Tom wins the battle but returns home late and is thus commanded to whitewash the famous fence.
    After this incident, the reader’s sympathies are meant to lie with Tom. But imagine how a boy like Tom Sawyer would be regarded today. As far as I can tell, that fight is not just "inappropriate behavior", to use current playground terminology(术语), but is also one of the many symptoms of "oppositional defiant disorder"(ODD), a condition that Tom manifests throughout the book. And Tom is not merely ODD: He clearly has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)as well, judging by his inability to concentrate in school.
    In fact, Tom manifests many disturbing behaviors. He blames his half-brother for his poor decisions, demonstrating an inability to take responsibility for his actions. He provokes his peers, often using aggression. He deliberately ignores rules and demonstrates defiance toward adults. He is frequently dishonest, at one point even pretending to be dead. Worst of all, he skips school—behavior that might, in time, lead him to be diagnosed with conduct disorder.
    I am not being entirely sarcastic here: I have reread "Tom Sawyer" several times in recent years, precisely because Twain draws such fascinating portraits of children whose behavior is familiar, even if we now describe it differently. As a mother of boys, I find this weirdly reassuring: Although ADHD and ODD are often dismissed as recently "invented" disorders, they describe personality types and traits that have always existed. A certain kind of boy has always had trouble paying attention in school.
    But if the behavior or actions of the children and the parents are familiar, the society surrounding them is not. Tom Sawyer turns out fine in the end. In 19th-century Missouri, there were still many opportunities for impulsive kids who were bored and fidgety(坐立不安的)in school: The very qualities that made him so tiresome—curiosity, hyperactivity, recklessness—are precisely the ones that get him the girl, win him the treasure and make him a hero.
    Nothing like that is available to children who don’t fit in today. Instead of striking out into the wilderness, they get sent to psychologists and prescribed medication—if they are lucky enough to have parents who can afford that sort of thing. Every effort will rightly be made to help them pay attention, listen to the teacher, stop picking fights in the playground. Nowadays, there aren’t any other options.
The passage is mainly about______.
选项 A、an introduction to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain
B、Tom Sawyer and today’s children: the same behavior, different treatment
C、some truths about ODD and ADHD—speaking from Tom Sawyer
D、an analysis of Tom Sawyer’s personalities in contemporary pedagogy
答案B
解析 主旨大意题。本文第一段以小说人物Tom Sawyer的经历引出现代孩子的教育问题。最后一段着重分析这类孩子在现代社会会有怎样不同的遭遇，因此答案为B)。A)“简要介绍Mark Twain的小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》”，文章并非专门介绍这本小说，而是以此为话题切入点，故排除；C)“关于ODD和ADHD的一些真相一一从Tom Sawyer谈起”，文章的确分析了Tom的性格特点，也提到了ODD和ADHD，但这是为了与现代孩子形成对照，而不是论述的侧重点，故排除；D)“以现代教育学分析Tom Sawyer的性格特点”，这只是文章的部分内容，故排除。
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