首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is
admin
2019-02-01
48
问题
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon, in that it is largely dependent upon social-group resources for its development. Specifically, this analysis indicates that support networks play a critical role in starting and maintaining minority busi- ness enterprises by providing owners with a range of assistance, from the informal encouragement of family members and friends to dependable sources of labor and clientele from the owner’s ethnic group. Such self-help networks, which encourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs, consist of "primary" institutions, those closest to the individual in shaping his or her behavior and beliefs. They are characterized by the face-to-face association and cooperation of persons united by ties of mutual concern. They form an intermediate social level between the individual and larger "secondary" institutions based on impersonal relationships. Primary institutions comprising the support network include kinship, peer,and neighborhood or community subgroups. A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for in- vestment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated, often through frugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives, forthcoming because of group obligation rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual entre- preneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources. They may actually avoid banks because they assume that commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needs of minority enterprise or charge unreasonably high interest rates.
Within the larger ethnic community, rotating credit associations have been used to raise capital. These associations are informal clubs of friends and other trusted members of the ethnic group who make regular contributions to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New York Chinatown firms established during 1900-1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital. However, recent im- migrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds. Some groups, like Black Americans, found other means of financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts. The first Black-operated banks were created in the late nineteenth century as depositories for dues collected from fraternal or lodge groups, which themselves had sprung from Black churches. Black banks made limited investments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in American cities organized many building and loan associations to provide capital for home construction and purchase. They in turn, provided work for many Irish home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and minority groups followed similar practices in founding ethnic-directed financial institutions.
According to the passage, once a minority-owned business is established, self-help networks contribute which of the following to that business?
选项
A、Information regarding possible expansion of the business into nearby communities.
B、Encouragement of a business climate that is nearly free of direct competition.
C、Opportunities for the business owner to reinvest profits in other minority-owned businesses.
D、Contact with people who are likely to be customers of the new business.
E、Contact with minority entrepreneurs who are members of other ethnic groups.
答案
D
解析
当少数民族企业建立时,互助网可以怎样帮助它?A.向邻近团体扩展商业的信息。无。B.对一个自由竞争的商业气氛的鼓励。无。C.给企业主在别的少数民族身上赢利的机会。无。D.正确。帮助联系有可能成为潜在客户的人。见原文L14—15。E.和其他民族的企业主联系。无。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/H2kO777K
本试题收录于:
GMAT VERBAL题库GMAT分类
0
GMAT VERBAL
GMAT
相关试题推荐
Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded________othermorewell-informedexperime
Bytheendoflastweek,611peoplefrom49countries________toattendthemeeting,withnearlyhalfcomingfromtheUnitedStat
Asanymiddle-classparentknows,unpaidworkexperiencecangiveyoungstersavaluableintroductiontoasecurejob.Thegovern
Extensivenewstudiessuggestthattheworldhasmadeextraordinaryprogressinreducingpovertyinrecentdecades.Theresearch
"Equalpayforequalwork"isaphraseusedbytheAmericanwomenwhofeelthattheyareunfairlytreatedbysociety.Theysayi
Extensivenewstudiessuggestthatdieworldhasmadeextraordinaryprogressinreducingpovertyinrecentdecades.Theresearch
Scientistssaidtheyhavefoundevidenceofagiantplanetfaroutinoursolarsystem.Inastatement,theCaliforniaInstitute
Increasingly,overthepasttenyears,people—especiallyyoungpeople—havebecomeawareoftheneedtochangetheireatinghabit
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic"FastFoodandTraditionalChineseCoo
随机试题
一患者上中切牙因冠折1/4(未露髓),行金属烤瓷冠修复,但粘固已一个多月,自诉遇冷热刺激后疼痛明显,其原因最可能是()
成年男性,3月来双下肢无力、双下肢麻木逐渐发展到腰部,背后疼痛且咳嗽时加剧。查体左半侧T8下痛温觉消失;右下肢肌力Ⅲ度,腱反射亢进,Babinski征阳性,右下肢足趾振动觉、位置觉消失。1该脊髓损害为
某药物,具有菲核结构,含5个手性中心,3位具有酚羟基,显酸碱两性,有效构型是左旋,化学性质不稳定,在光照下即能被空气氧化变质。本品可用于癌症晚期患者的剧痛,口服生物利用度低,故一般制成注射剂或缓释片。该药物为()。
皮亚杰认为,守恒是______阶段儿童具备的能力。
某教师在上《体验印刷的乐趣》一课,在最开始学习版画的起源和分类时,教师利用多媒体课件出示版画的起源,并照着课件阅读,还让学生齐读,以加深印象。之后教师通过文字和语言介绍版画的分类,学生们仔细聆听,最后再次齐读。问题:你认为,这位老师所采用的教学方
2016年10月24日,由中央政治局召开的中国共产党()明确了习近平总书记的核心地位、正式提出“以习近平同志为核心的党中央”,对维护党中央权威、维护党的团结和集中统一领导,具有重大而深远的意义。
马克思主义认为,共产主义社会的基本特征是()
A、DYBEAFCZXB、YDEBFZXCAC、ABDYECFXZD、ABCDEFXYZC前序遍历是指在访问根结点、遍历左子树与遍历右子树这三者中,首先访问根结点,然后遍历左子树,最后遍历右子树;并且,在遍历左右子树时,仍然先访问根结点,然后遍历左
Shouldwecareifover150knownspeciesofanimalshave【1】fromtheearthinthelastfiftyyears?Shouldwebeconcernedthatt
Mostoftheearliest______intoAmericacamefromEurope.
最新回复
(
0
)