首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The Roman language served as the first model for answering the question. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the similar
The Roman language served as the first model for answering the question. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the similar
admin
2015-04-26
48
问题
The Roman language served as the first model for answering the question. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the similarities among Roman languages would have made it natural to suggest that they were derived from a common ancestor. On the assumption that the shared characteristic of these languages came from the common ancestor, it would have been possible to reconstruct many of the characteristics of the original common language. In much the same way it became clear that the branches of the Indo-European family could be studied and a hypothetical family tree constructed , reading back to a common ancestor. This is the tree approach. The basic process represented by the tree model is one of divergence: when languages become isolated from one another, they differ increasingly, and dialects gradually become different until they become separate languages.
Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency in language evolution. Johannes Schmidt introduced a "wave" model, in which linguistic changes were like waves, eventually leading to convergence; that is, growing similarity among languages that were initially quite different.
Today, however, most linguists think primarily in terms of familytrees. It is necessary to construct some models of how language change might occur according to a process-based view. There are four main classes of models.
The first is the process of initial colonization, by which an uninhabited territory becomes populated; its language naturally becomes that of the colonizers. Second are processes of divergence, such as the linguistic divergence arising from separation or isolation mentioned above in relation to early models of the Indo-European languages. The third group of models is based on processes of linguistic convergence. The wave model, formulated by Schmidt in the 1870’ s, is an example, but convergence methods have not generally found favor among linguists.
Now, the slow and rather static operation of these processes is complicated by another factor: linguistic replacement. That factor provides the basis for a fourth class of models, in many areas of the world the languages initially spoken by the indigenous people have come to be replaced, fully or partially, by languages spoken by people coming from outside. Were it not for this large complicating factor, the world’ s linguistic history could be faithfully described by the initial distribution of Homo Sapiens, followed by the gradual workings of divergence and convergence. So linguistic replacement also has a key role to play in explaining the origins of the Indo-European languages.
This passage is primarily written to ______.
选项
A、discuss the importance of linguistic replacement
B、introduce the origin of the Indo-European language
C、explain the divergence of the Indo-European languages
D、introduce models concerning the origin of the Indo-European languages
答案
D
解析
文章以Indo—European languages的起源为例,围绕语言演化的趋势,对四种模式di—vergence,linguistic convergence,initial colonization和linguistic replacement展开讨论。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/H5ua777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
Thisisthepriceandthepromiseofcitizenship.Thisisthesourceofourconfidence—theknowledgethatGodcallsonustosha
ACrimeWaveFestersinCyberspaceThenumberofsuccessful,andverifiableworldwidehackerincidentsthismonthislikelytos
Thetrueartistletshimselfgo.Heisnatural.He"swimseasilyinthestreamofhisowntemperament".Helistenstohimself.H
《货币外传》(Money:FheUnauthorizedBiography)的作者是()。
ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincrease______,awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpans
It’snothingnewthatEnglishuseisontherisearoundtheworld,especiallyinbusinesscircles.ThisalsohappensinFrance,
Shewaitedatthegate,herhands______beforeher.
Theyclimbedtothetopofthehill______theycouldgetabird’s-eyeviewofthecity.
YourHostileWorkplaceMayBeKillingYou"Myjobiskillingme."Whoamongushasn’tissuedthatcomplaintatleastonce?
ThePotofGoldattheEndoftheRainbowJOSEPHKENNEDY,JohnF.Kennedy’sfather,supposedlysaidthatwhenhestartedget
随机试题
来自体静脉的血栓栓子多引起
液接电位
A.干化学法检测尿糖时出现假阳性B.班氏法检测尿糖出现假阴性C.磺基水杨酸法检测蛋白出现假阴性D.干化学法检测蛋白出现假阴性E.干化学法检测亚硝酸盐出现假阴性维生素C可产生的影响是
肠鸣音大约每分钟4~5次为肠鸣音达每分钟10次以上,音调不特别高亢为
寒邪袭于肌表遏制阳气,出现恶寒发热无汗者称为
女,21岁。大学生,近1年来听课发愣,不作笔记,有时自语自笑,动作迟缓,3天前开始终日卧床,不吃饭,不知上厕所,精神检查:意识清,卧床不动不语,针刺其身体无反应,肌张力增高,令患者张嘴,反把嘴闭得更紧,把患者肢体摆成不舒服的姿势,可以保持很久不变,躯体及神
批包装记录内容应包括
下列哪种脏器损伤,临床表现以腹膜炎为主()
消费者在展销会购买商品,其合法权益受到损害的,在展销会期间,既可以向销售者要求赔偿,也可以向展销会的举办者要求赔偿。()
量化研究的主要方法有_____________、_____________和_____________。
最新回复
(
0
)