2. 财经
  3. An industrial society，especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain’is heavilv dependent on certain essentia

An industrial society，especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain’is heavilv dependent on certain essentia

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问题 An industrial society，especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain’is heavilv dependent on certain essential services：  for instance，  electricity supply，  water，  rail and road transport，and harbors．The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish，hospital and ambulance services，and，as the economy develops，central computer and information services as well．If any of these services ceases to operate，the whole economic system is in danger．
It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of  trade unions such an important issue．Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many coun  trieg economic blood supply．This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other coun  tries，in part because the labor force is highly organized．About 5 5 percent of British workers  belong to unions，compared to under a quarter in the United States．
For historical reasons，  Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines，rather than on anindustry—by-industry basis，which makes a wages policy，democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve．
There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement。sortie of them a rising from their outdated and inefficient structure．Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes．Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades．Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions，which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions．In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies，unions can fight for their members’disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed．The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs．
  Trade unions have problems of internal communication j ust as managers in companies do，problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union．
Some trade union officials have to be re—elected regularly；others are elected，or even appointed，for life．Trade union officials have to work with a system of”shop stewards”in many unions．”shop stewards”being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level．
What basic problem are we told most trade unions face?
选项 A、They are equal in size of influence
B、They are less powerful than ever before
C、They don’t have enough members
D、They are not organized efficiently
答案D
解析 总结归纳题。本题问：大多数工会遇到的基本问题是什么?
从最后一段中可以看出，由于行业的变化和重组，各种工会遇到了前所未有的困难。——一缺少内部有效的思想交流，组织机构陈旧，效率低下。可见，D反映了这种状况。B项“它们的力量不如以前”是强干扰项，不能选的原因是它太笼统，针对性差。
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