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  3. Who was to blame for starting the Cold War? For nearly a generation after World War II, American historians generally agreed tha

Who was to blame for starting the Cold War? For nearly a generation after World War II, American historians generally agreed tha

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问题      Who was to blame for starting the Cold War? For nearly a generation after World War II, American historians generally agreed that the suspicious and grasping Soviets were almost solely responsible. This "Orthodox"(正统的) appraisal fitted comfortably with the traditional view of the United States as a God-blessed land with an idealistic foreign policy. But in the 1960s another interpretation began to flower, powerfully reinforced by an objection against what Americans were doing in Vietnam. People who held this view attempted to reverse the orthodox view. They argued that the Soviets had understandably defensive intentions at the end of World War II and that the United States had behaved aggressively and irresponsibly. Some of these critics pointed an accusing finger at Truman. They declared that he had abandoned Roosevelt’ s conciliatory (调和的) approach and adopted a bullying attitude, emboldened by American’s atomic monopoly. The more radical of those people like the Kolkos found the roots of American aggression before Truman’s time in long-standing policies of economic expansion.
     In the 1970s a "neoorthodox" interpretation emerged. Historians of this school, like John L. Gaddis, still place most of the blame for the Cold War on the Soviet Union, but they admit that American policies helped worsen the conflict. They also note how the constraints of domestic politics and the miscalculations of American leaders led a nation in search of international security into dangerous Cold War.
     This historical debate over the origins of the Cold War has compelled the recognition that the United States did have vital interests at stake in postwar diplomacy, and that policymakers pursued those interests with eagerness. But is self- interest necessarily immoral? Is security a one-way street? Can the blame ever be exclusively with one side in a complex international dispute?
The "neoorthodox" view held that______ should take responsibility for the Cold War.
选项 A、the former Soviet Union
B、the United States
C、neither of those two countries
D、both of those two countries
答案D
解析 第二段说明了“新正统”观点。该观点仍认为冷战主要应由苏联一方负责，但同时承认美国的对外政策也加剧了冲突。美国本来是想寻求国际安全的，但由于其对内政策的限制(c onstr a ints)及其领导人的错误估汁(miscalculation)，结果使国家陷入了危险的冷战。
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