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  3. At the turn of the 20th century, Dutch physician Christiaan Eijkman showed that disease can be caused not only by microorganism

At the turn of the 20th century, Dutch physician Christiaan Eijkman showed that disease can be caused not only by microorganism

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问题     At the turn of the 20th century, Dutch physician Christiaan
Eijkman showed that disease can be caused not only by
microorganisms but by a dietary efficiency of certain substances【M1】______
now called vitamins. In 1909 German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich
introduced the world’s first bactericide, a chemical designed to kill
specific kinds of bacteria with killing the patient’s cells as well.【M2】______
Following the discovery of penicillin in 1928 by British
bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming, antibiotics joined medicine’s
chemical armory, making the fight against bacterial infection
almost a routine matter. Antibiotics cannot act as viruses, but【M3】______
vaccines have been used to greatly effect to prevent some of the【M4】______
deadliest viral diseases. Smallpox, once a worldwide killer, was
completely eradicated by the late 1970s, and in the United States a【M5】______
number of polio cases dropped from 38,000 in the 1950s to less
than 10 a year by the 21st century.
    By the middle of the 20th century scientists believed they
were well on the way to treating, preventing, or eradicating many
of the most deadly infectious diseases that plagued humankind for【M6】______
centuries. And by the 1980s the medical community’s confidence【M7】______
in its ability to control the infectious diseases had been shaken by【M8】______
the emergency of new types of disease-causing microorganisms.【M9】______
New cases of tuberculosis developed, caused by bacteria strains
that were resistant to antibiotics. New, deadly infections on which【M10】______
there was no known cure also appeared, including the viruses that
cause hemorrhagic fever and the human immunodeficiency virus
(HTV), the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
【M1】
选项
答案efficiency一deficiency
解析 词汇错误。efficiency意思为“效能”，deficiency意思为“不足，缺乏”。本句的意思是“在20世纪初，荷兰医生Eijkman表示不仅微生物可以导致疾病，缺乏某种饮食物质——我们现在称之为维他命，也能导致疾病。”根据语义，此处的含义应该为“缺乏”，所以改为deficiency。
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