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  3. Beauty is, of course, cultural. What one community admires may leave another group of people cold or even repulsed. What one ind

Beauty is, of course, cultural. What one community admires may leave another group of people cold or even repulsed. What one ind

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问题     Beauty is, of course, cultural. What one community admires may leave another group of people cold or even repulsed. What one individual finds irresistible elicits a shrug from another. Beauty is personal. But it’ s also universal. There are international beauties—those people who have come to represent the standard.
    For generations, beauty required a slender build but with a narrow waist. The jawline was to be defined, the cheekbones high and sharp. The nose angular. The lips full but not distractingly so. The eyes, ideally blue or green, large and bright. Hair was to be long, thick, and flowing—and preferably golden. Symmetry was desired. Youthfulness, that went without saying.
    This was the standard from the earliest days of women’s magazines, when beauty was codified and commercialized. Diverge too much and a woman was simply considered less attractive—or desirable or valuable.
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答案 当然，美也是一种文化。一个群体所推崇的事物可能会让另一个群体感到没兴趣甚至反感。一个人认为不可抗拒的事物，可能只会让另一个人觉得无所谓地耸耸肩。美具有个体性，但它也具有普遍的共性。因此存在一些国际公认的美人——那些代表了美的标准的女性。几代人以来，美人的标准都要求身材苗条，但要腰部纤细。下颚轮廓要清晰，颧骨高且有立体感。鼻子要棱角分明。嘴唇丰满，但不过度。眼睛最好是蓝色或绿色，大而明亮。头发要又长又浓密，还要柔顺飘逸，且最好是金色。要求形体及面部轮廓对称。还要求年轻，这是不言而喻的。这是最早的女性杂志所采用的标准，当时美已被定义并商业化。如果偏离这一标准太多，女性就会被认为不那么具有吸引力、不那么受欢迎、不那么有价值。
解析     (1)第一段第二句主语是由What引导的主语从句，谓语动词为may leave，宾语为another group of people，cold or even repulsed为宾语补足语；第一段第三句主语是由What引导的主语从句。谓语动词为elicits，宾语为a shrug from another。翻译时要进行适当增词，并调整语序，使译文通顺易懂。
    (2)第一段最后一句中破折号后面的内容起解释说明的作用，those people为international beauties的同位语，由who引导的定语从句修饰those people，翻译时可保留破折号。
    (3)第二段中defined意思是“清晰的，轮廓分明的”。sharp修饰cheekbones“颧骨”，直译为“锋利的”显然不合适，应意译为“有立体感的”。distractingly原意为“发狂地”，结合语境可意译为“过度地”。flowing修饰hair，应译为“柔顺飘逸的”。That went with outsaying意思是“不用说，不言而喻”。
    (4)第三段中from the earliest days of women’s magazines作standard的后置定语，when引导非限定性定语从句，修饰the earliest days of women’s magazines codified意为“编纂；整理；把……编成法典”，在这里可结合语境灵活译为“定义”。
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