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Some pioneering work that began as an attempt to discover ways to increase production efficiency led to the founding of the huma

admin2012-07-10  31
问题     Some pioneering work that began as an attempt to discover ways to increase production efficiency led to the founding of the human relations movement in industry and to the development of motivational skills and tools for managers. In 1927 researchers were involved in determining the optimum amount of lighting, temperature, and humidity (with lighting being considered the most important) for the assembly of electronic components at Western Electric. The researchers found that lighting had no consistent effect on production. In fact, production sometimes increased when lighting was reduced to the level of ordinary moonlight! The important part of this experiment began when two Harvard researchers, Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger, were brought in to investigate these unexpected results further. They found that workers were responding not to the level of lighting but to the fact that they were being observed by the experimenters.
    This phenomenon came to be known as the Hawthorne effect since the experiments were conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Plant. This was the first documented and widely published evidence of the psychological effects on doing work, and it led to the first serious effort aimed at examining psychological and social factors in the workplace. Further experiments were continued for five years. Generally, the researchers concluded from their experiments that economic motivation (pay) was not the sole source of productivity and, in some cases, not even the most important source. Through interviews and test results, the researchers focused on the effects of work attitudes, supervision, and the peer group and other social forces, on productivity.
    Their findings laid the groundwork for modern motivation theory, and the study of human factors on the job, which continues to this day in such common practices as selection and training, establishing favorable work conditions, counseling, and personnel operations. The contributions of this experiment shifted the focus of human motivation from economics to a multifaceted approach including psychological and social forces.
Part of the reason for the change in focus from economics to a more multifaceted approach to the psychological effects on doing work was______.
选项 A、due to the recognition that workers should be happy at work to maintain high productivity
B、a general conclusion that pay was sometimes not the most important factor
C、because the Hawthorne study continued for so long
D、because the workers requested it
答案B
解析 推断题型见第二段倒数第二句：总体上，研究人员从他们的试验中归纳出经济上的动机(薪水)不是生产力的唯一源泉；在某些情况下，甚至不是最重要的源泉。由此可推断出人们关注的焦点从经济方面转向工作时的心理影响等更多方面的部分原因是上述原因，因此B为答案。
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