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  3. The surrogate students are only the latest symptom of an epidemic of corruption that has gripped the Russian higher education sy

The surrogate students are only the latest symptom of an epidemic of corruption that has gripped the Russian higher education sy

admin2009-02-13  54
问题     The surrogate students are only the latest symptom of an epidemic of corruption that has gripped the Russian higher education system. A report published this week by the Ministry of Education and Moscow’s Higher School of Economics (HSE) showed that more than ＄ 300m was paid in bribes to enter the country’s educational establishments last year. A direct bribe to lecturers to enter an institution can be up to ＄ 30 000 for a top law faculty, the HSE estimates.
    "In our school alone this spring we caught four impostors who were attempting to sit the entrance tests in place of others," said Grigory Kantorovich, deputy head of the HSE. "Those were not isolated cases; it’s a whole, specialised business."
    Such corruption is multiplied by a burgeoning market in coursework and diplomas written by teachers and lecturers, which can be bought over the Internet.
    A police spokesman said there was no dedicated unit for tackling corruption in education, but individual cases were investigated if evidence was handed over.
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答案 昨天，俄罗斯一些极富声望的教育机构首脑承认，有学生借助代考方式企图进入名牌大学就读，因为名校的毕业文凭是他们日后找到工资优厚的工作的通行证。 代考现象仪是俄高等教育体系中腐败成风的最新征兆。本周由俄罗斯教育部和莫斯科高等经济学院联合公布的报告表明，去年该国各教育机构收受的学生入学贿赂金额超过3亿美元。莫斯科高等经济学院估计，名校法律专业的导师一次性直接收受的贿赂金额可高达3万美元。 莫斯科高等经济学院副院长坎托罗维奇指出：“仅在我们学校，今年春季就抓到了4名入学考试代考者。这些作弊现象不是孤立的个案，它已成为一个整体的、专门的商业行为。” 在俄大中学校出现日益严重的作弊现象的同时，还存在着更严重的弄虚作假之风。目前，一些由教师和导师撰写的论文和各种假文凭正通过因特网公然叫卖，知识造假市场正在兴起。 莫斯科警察局发言人指出，目前尚无专门机构负责打击教育机构中存在的腐败现象，但如果证据移交上来，将会对个案立案侦查。
解析     (1)The heads of some of Russia’s most prestigious educational establishments结构中的中心词为“heads"，后接的介词结构作其定语。
   head有“首脑，领袖；校长”之意，如：
   Frank is now the head of a very large business company．弗兰克现在是一家很大的商业公司的老板。
   the head of the government政府首脑
   the head of a delegation代表团团长
   most prestigious享有很高声望的，此处most前没有定冠词the，因此并非形容词最高级， most作“很，非常”解，又如：
   It’s most interesting．非常有趣。
   It’s most complicated．非常复杂。
   (2)gain entry to top institutes可意译为“被顶尖大学录取”。
   名词entry有“进入，入场权”等意，又如：
   a street with a“No Entry’’sign有“不得进入”标志的街道
   We stopped at the entry to admire the architecture．我们在门口停下，欣赏它的建筑。
   top有“最高的，顶上的，头等的”之意，又如：
   the top historian in her department她系里顶尖的历史学家
   (3)The surrogate students are only the latest symptom of an epidemic of corruption that has gripped the Russian higher education system．此句中的epidemic意为“时疫；疫疾流行；(风尚等的)流行；流行病”，在句中有“极为盛行”之意，又如：
   an epidemic outbreak of influenza流行性感冒的突发性蔓延
   epidemic discontent普遍流行的不满情绪
   grip意为：“紧握，握牢；吸引，吸住；引起”，又如：
   The child gripped its mother’s arm；孩子紧抓着母亲的胳膊。
   The pictures gripped my imagination．这些图画引起了我的想象。
   a scene that gripped the entire audience一场吸引住整场观众的戏
   本句可译为：“代考现象仅是俄高等教育体系中腐败成风的最新征兆。”
   (4)A report published this week by the Ministry of Education and Moscow’s Higher School of Economics (HSE) showed that more than ＄300m Was paid in bribes to enter the country’s educational establishments last year．此句主要框架为：
   A report showed that...
   句中的过去分词结构published this week by the Ministry of Education and Moscow’s Higher School of Economics为后置定语，修饰report。翻译时可处理为汉语的“的”字结构。 paid in bribes以贿赂方式支付
   又如：
   paid in cash现金支付
   (5)attempting to sit the entrance tests in place of others试图替考 attempt意为“努力尝试具有一定难度之事”，如：
   They attempted to become the first to climb Everest without oxygen tanks．
   他们试图成为首批不戴氧气罩登顶喜马拉雅山的登山者。
   又如：
   Any prisoner who attempts to escape will be shot．
   任何犯人要越狱逃跑，将会遭到开枪射击。
   sit the entrance test参加入学考试
   (6)Those were not isolated cases．这些都不是孤立的个案。
   isolated有“隔离的，孤立的，单独的”的意思，如：
   Reporters in the field observed isolated instances of rebellion．
   在实地采访的记者观察到一些孤立的反叛的案例。
   (7)Such corruption is multiplied by a burgeoning market in coursework and diplomas writ ten byteachers and lecturers，which can be bought over the Internet．此句翻译时需要调整语序，采取倒译法，将介词by所引导的成分先提到前面译出，因为在原文中Such corruption is multi plied为结论，后半部分才是真正的原因。
   multiplied有“繁殖，乘，增加”之意，又如：
   to multiply one’s chances of success增加个人成功的机会
   (8)there was no dedicated unit for tackling corruption in education可译为：“尚无专门机构负责打击教育机构中存在的腐败现象。”
   (9)but individual cases were investigated if evidence was handed over．此句可采用主动语态处理原文的被动结构individual cases were investigated及evidence was handed over显得更为自然，本句可处理为：
   “但如果证据移交上来，将会对个案立案侦查”。
   hand over意为：“移交；让与”，又如；
   to hand over command of a ship移交军舰的指挥权
   The pickpocket was handed over to the police．扒手被送交警方。
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