首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural ecosystems and co-evolve with those
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural ecosystems and co-evolve with those
admin
2022-05-19
48
问题
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural ecosystems and co-evolve with those natural systems. 【F1】
There is a material and energy basis for the relations between human economies and their ecosystems, defining not only economic, but social, structures and processes.
Economies possess general ecosystem properties, such as dynamism, evolution, integrity, stability and sustenance. Economies are embedded in larger natural ecosystems, and exchange flows of materials and energy with natural systems.
【F2】
What makes humans and their economies unique as a sub-ecosystem is their ability, through willful effort, ignorance and human designed tools, to dramatically restructure and reform processes in ecosystems of which they are a part;
The ability is to such a magnitude that human welfare can be diminished or enhanced by those original actions. Some types of economic activities, and the welfare that originates from them, would not be sustainable if they substantially adversely impact natural systems.
【F3】
The willful effort to extract useful things from natural systems is motivated by the satisfaction of basic biological needs and the seemingly limitless search for pleasure through consumption of goods and through social associations.
The magnitude of potential impact on their own welfare through effects on natural systems requires that human decisions be guided by some notion of the value of their actions and the value of their impacts on ecosystems, either in terms of benefits of use or costs of abuse. Some concept of value is required for rational activities of human economies within their natural systems.
Both the structures and processes of natural systems have identifiable instrumental value to the human economy. These narrow use values may be reflected by the summation of individual values, to the extent they are private. However, natural systems also have aesthetic, moral and cultural values. These values are more intrinsic and unmeasurable using traditional human preferences.
【F4】
Valuation is made more complicated by the fact that our natural environment is highly likely to shape values through establishing social and economic relations, aesthetic standards and culture.
If so, our decisions now about the natural environment will shape future value systems, making values endogenous and, therefore, a poor guide to behavior. 【F5】
A way out of this dilemma is to make valuations of natural systems based on "What we would like to see society become" rather than to ask what current valuations are.
The value of natural systems is then based on their ability to assist us in becoming what we wish to be.
【F1】
选项
答案
人类经济发展与生态体系之间的关系有一个物质与能源的基础,该基础不仅决定经济结构,也决定社会结构与过程。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/HPCd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
InTheSorrowsofEmpire,ChalmersJohnsonadvancesthedisturbingclaimthattheUnitedStates’ColdWar-eramilitarypowerand
Whatarefeelingsfor?Mostnonscientistswillfindthisastrangequestion.Feelingsjustifythemselves.Emotionsgivemeaning
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneed
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneed
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneed
Hippocrateshasbeenregardedasthefatherof______.
Earthquakesarethemostlethalofallnaturaldisasters.Whatcausesthem?Geologistsexplainthemintermsofatheoryknowna
ThedistinctivearchitecturalfeatureofthetypicalBroadwaytheateristhejuxtapositionoftwoalmostindependentbuildingsf
Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthathavedelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaply【21】toallofus【22
随机试题
请简要陈述北朝的立法活动。
A、浆液性炎B、纤维素性炎C、化脓性炎D、出血性炎E、 间质性炎大叶性肺炎的主要病理学特征是
氟哌啶醇与哪项药物一起静注可使人产生不入睡而痛觉消失的特殊麻醉状态
A.利多卡因B.山莨菪碱C.噻吗洛尔D.去氧肾上腺素E.乙酰唑胺可扩大瞳孔,升高眼压的药物是()。
股份有限公司的设立,须经中国证监会核准。()
下列建设用地使用权交易方式中,建设用地使用权人不改变的是()。
将调查对象划分为若干类,然后从每一类中随机抽取若干单位进行观察,这称为()。
隐裂发生最多的牙齿是()。
管理信息系统的功能很多,在如下所列功能中,一般认为不属于管理信息系统功能的是
WhichofthefollowingsentencescanNOTbeusedasaresponseto"Ithinkthisfoodisdelicious"?
最新回复
(
0
)