2. 外语
  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributi

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributi

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问题      Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 【C1】______ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 【C2】______ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 【C3】______ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in 【C4】______ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 【C5】______ as a rejection of middle-class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from 【C6】______ homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 【C7】______ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 【C8】______ to criticism.
     Changes in the social structure may indirectly 【C9】______ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and 【C10】______ unemployment 【C11】______ general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to 【C12】______ . The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.
      Families have also 【C13】______ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 【C14】______ , children are likely to have less supervision at home 【C15】______  was common in the traditional family 【C16】______ . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 【C17】______ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 【C18】______ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 【C19】______ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 【C20】______ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.  
【C9】
选项 A、increase
B、reduce
C、cause
D、affect
答案D
解析 篇章逻辑题之篇章语义。本题所在的句子是本段的首句，而且从上下文的关系可以判断出它是本段的总述句，本段的分述部分明确地指出经济变化引起失业率增加从而导致犯罪率的上升，是围绕着社会变化如何引起犯罪率的变化展开的，所以本题的答案是D。
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