2. 外语
  3. 　　As people age, the brain changes in both good ways and bad. 　　If you are over 20, your cognitive performance is probably alrea

　　As people age, the brain changes in both good ways and bad. 　　If you are over 20, your cognitive performance is probably alrea

admin2021-11-25  77
问题 　　As people age, the brain changes in both good ways and bad.
　　If you are over 20, your cognitive performance is probably already
on the wane. The speed over which people can process information【S1】____________
declines at a steady rate from as early as their 20s.
　　A common test of processing speed is the "digit symbol substitution
test", in that a range of symbols are paired with a set of numbers in a【S2】____________
code. Participants are shown the code, given a row of symbols, then【S3】____________
asked to write down the corresponding number in the box below within
a set period. There is nothing cognitively challenging about the task;
levels of education do no difference to performance. But age does.【S4】____________
Speed consistently declines as people get older.
　　Fortunately, there is some good news to go with the bad.
Psychologists  distinguish "fluid intelligence", which is the ability【S5】____________
to solve new problems, and "crystallized intelligence", which roughly
equates to an individual’s stock of accumulating knowledge. 【S6】____________
　　These reserves of knowledge continue to increase with age:
people’s performance on vocabulary and general-knowledge tests
keeps improving into their 70s. Yet experience can often 【S7】____________
compensate for cognitive decline. In an old but instructive study
of typists ranging in the age from 19 to 72, older workers typed【S8】____________
just as fast as young ones, even though their   tapping   speed   was【S9】____________
slower. They achieved this   by looking further ahead in the text,
which allowed them to keep going smoothly.【S10】____________
【S2】
选项
答案that→which
解析 关系代词误用。逗号后面的从句是非限制性定语从句，引导从句的关系代词指代先行词the“digit symbol substitution test”，并在从句中作介词in的宾语。that不引导非限制性定语从句，且当定语从句中介词提前时，不能使用that作引导词；which可以引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，并可用于介词之后。故应将关系代词that改为which。
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