首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
医学
Beyond the basic animal instincts to seek food and avoid pain, Freud identified two sources of psychic energy, which he called "
Beyond the basic animal instincts to seek food and avoid pain, Freud identified two sources of psychic energy, which he called "
admin
2020-11-30
23
问题
Beyond the basic animal instincts to seek food and avoid pain, Freud identified two sources of psychic energy, which he called "drives": aggression and libido. The key to his theory is that these were unconscious drives, shaping our behavior without the mediation of our waking minds; they surface, heavily disguised, only in our dreams. The work of the past half-century in psychology and neuroscience has been to downplay the role of unconscious universal drives, focusing instead on rational processes in conscious life. But researchers have found evidence that Freud’s drives really do exist, and they have their roots in the limbic system, a primitive part of the brain that operates mostly below the horizon of consciousness. Now more commonly referred to as emotions, the modern suite of drives comprises five: rage, panic, separation distress, lust and a variation on libido sometimes called seeking.
The seeking drive is proving a particularly fruitful subject for researchers. Although like the others it originates in the limbic system, it also involves parts of the forebrain, the seat of higher mental functions. In the 1980s, Jaak Panksepp, a neurobiologist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, became interested in a place near the cortex known as the ventral tegmental area, which in humans lies just above the hairline. When Panksepp stimulated the corresponding region in a mouse, the animal would sniff the air and walk around, as though it were looking for something. Was it hungry? No. The mouse would walk right by a plate of food, or for that matter any other object Panksepp could think of. This brain tissue seemed to cause a general desire for something new. "What I was seeing," he says, "was the urge to do stuff." Panksepp called this seeking.
To neuropsychologist Mark Solms of University College in London, that sounds very much like libido. "Freud needed some sort of general, appetitive desire to seek pleasure in the world of objects," says Solms. "Panksepp discovered as a neuroscientist what Freud discovered psychologically." Solms studied the same region of the brain for his work on dreams. Since the 1970s, neurologists have known that dreaming takes place during a particular form of sleep known as REM — rapid eye movement — which is associated with a primitive part of the brain known as the pons. Accordingly, they regarded dreaming as a low-level phenomenon of no great psychological interest. When Solms looked into it, though, it turned out that the key structure involved in dreaming was actually the ventral tegmental, the same structure that Panksepp had identified as the seat of the "seeking" emotion. Dreams, it seemed, originate with the libido — which is just what Freud had believed.
Freud’s psychological map may have been flawed in many ways, but it also happens to be the most coherent and, from the standpoint of individual experience, meaningful theory of the mind. "Freud should be placed in the same category as Darwin, who lived before the discovery of genes," says Panksepp, "Freud gave us a vision of a mental apparatus. We need to talk about it, develop it, test it." Perhaps it’s not a matter of proving Freud wrong or right, but of finishing the job.
Jaak Panksepp’s study on a mouse proves that the seeking drive________.
选项
A、originates in the limbic system
B、involves parts of the forebrain
C、controls how we respond to stimulus
D、exists in many other animals
答案
B
解析
例证题。雅克潘塞普对老鼠的研究证明:追求欲________。第二段第二句是本段的主题句:尽管像其他欲望一样,它也产生于大脑的边缘系统,但它还涉及更高的脑力功能部位,即前脑的某些部分。潘塞普用一只老鼠来证明的就是这一点,因此正确答案为B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/HZT3777K
本试题收录于:
医学博士外语题库考研分类
0
医学博士外语
考研
相关试题推荐
Thetruthmaywellbeself-evidentthatallhumansarecreatedequal,butonethingourMakerdidnotendowuswithequallyist
Ifaclientinsistsuponbeingstubborn,lawyershavetosettleclaimsincourt.
Thestrong,light-weightbamboomakesanexcellentreinforcementforconcrete.
A、Excited.B、Frustrated.C、Annoyed.D、Relieved.D通过女士的话I’mreallyfeelingthatIcanseethelight“我真感觉自己可以看到光明了”可知女士考完试感到很宽心。
Seanalivedintheinpatienthospiceunitformorethanamonth,farlongerthananyonewouldhavepredicted,sustainedonlyon
InMr.Allen’shighschoolclass,allthestudentshaveto"getmarried".However,theweddingceremoniesarenotrealonesbut
InMr.Allen’shighschoolclass,allthestudentshaveto"getmarried".However,theweddingceremoniesarenotrealonesbut
A、Evenprimitivelifeisimpossible.B、Intelligentlifeisfairlycommon.C、Intelligentlifeislesslikely.D、Anyformoflife
A、Currentsmokersexclusively.B、Second-handsmokers.C、Withalungproblem.D、Atage40orover.D根据文中whowerehealthy,atleast
Exerciseisgoodforpeople,butmostpeoplereallyknowverylittleabouthowtoexerciseproperly.Sowhenyoutry,youmayru
随机试题
把一个Windows文档保存后关闭,则该文档将________。
e-1
男性,50岁,右小腿疼痛3天。查体:右小腿片状红肿鲜红色,边缘稍隆起,与正常皮肤界限清楚,无波动感。
肠易激综合征患者特点包括
A、胸部刺痛,入夜尤甚B、胸闷隐痛,时作时止C、胸闷如窒,气短喘促D、胸闷气短,畏寒肢冷E、胸痛彻背,感寒痛甚胸痹气阴两虚证,其临床特点是
某住宅楼有三个设计方案,其情况如下:A方案:结构为大柱网框架体系,预应力迭合楼板,多孔砖填充墙,综合造价1437.48元/平方米。B方案:结构为内浇外砌体系,综合造价1108元/平方米。C方案:结构方案为砖混承重体系,预应力预制多孔板,墙体材料为标准粘土砖
当变比不同的两台变压器并联运行时,会产生环流并在两台变压器内产生电压降,使得两台变压器输出电压()。
personalindependencetheprocesstheparents’cultureprevailingvaluesA.these【T13】______intheirchildrenB.thecustomsan
据对一批企业的调查显示,这些企业总经理的平均年龄是57岁,而在20年前,同样的这些企业的总经理的平均年龄大约是49岁。这说明,目前企业中总经理的年龄呈:老化趋势。以下哪项,对题干的论证提出的质疑最为有力?
Thetalkismainlyabout______.
最新回复
(
0
)