2. 外语
  3. Life is priceless to those who possess it. Policymakers, though, must take a more hard-headed (头脑冷静的) approach. That is particul

Life is priceless to those who possess it. Policymakers, though, must take a more hard-headed (头脑冷静的) approach. That is particul

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问题     Life is priceless to those who possess it. Policymakers, though, must take a more hard-headed (头脑冷静的) approach. That is particularly—if unfairly—true in poorer parts of the world. It is important for the authorities to understand the cost-effectiveness (成本效益) of a health programme, so that its value can be compared with that of other claims on the public purse.
    How to go about doing this is illustrated by a paper published in the Public Library of Science by Kartik Venkatesh of Brown University and Jessica Becker of Yale. Dr. Venkatesh and Dr. Becker asked themselves if it would be a good idea for the government of India to try, at regular intervals, to test the country’s population for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in order to treat those who unknowingly harbour it. The short answer is that, if it were feasible, it would be.
    Though HIV in India has not turned into the widespread epidemic some experts feared it would a few years ago, it is reckoned to affect about 2.4m people, many of whom do not realise they are infected. If they were identified, these people could be given antiretroviral (抗逆转录病毒的) drugs to stop the symptoms of AIDS developing. That would also have the bonus of reducing the chance of their passing the virus on.
    The calculations made by Dr. Venkatesh and Dr. Becker rely on a model developed by the World Health Organisation and already in use in America, France, South Africa and elsewhere. It values lives extended and saved, and further infections and other treatment avoided. It then balances those against the costs of testing people and of giving drugs to those who test positive (plus the inevitable extra non-HIV spending that typically follows testing).
    The price at which an extra year of life saved is deemed cost-effective is anything less than triple the annual GDP per person of the country in question. In India that is $3,900. Anything below parity ($1,300 per year of life) counts as very cost-effective. According to Dr. Venkatesh and Dr. Becker, testing Indian adults every five years would cost $1,900 per year of life saved, and would thus pay off handsomely.
    Whether it could actually be done is another matter. But India takes AIDS seriously and the fact that the epidemic has not run out of control in the way that was once feared is at least in part the consequence of the country’s policies. The will to test therefore probably exists. Dr. Venkatesh and Dr. Becker suggest it would be worth finding the means, as well.
What do we learn about the model from the passage?
选项 A、It was developed by the World Trade Organization.
B、It has only been used in three European countries.
C、It weighed the costs of testing people and the values of lives extended.
D、It was invented by Dr. Venkatesh and Dr. Becker.
答案C
解析 细节题。根据题干中的the model定位到原文第四段。该段提到，这种模型对所延长和拯救的生命及所避免的进一步感染和治疗进行估价。然后对它和为人们进行检测和发放药物给那些检查结果为阳性的人所造成的花销加以权衡。由此可知，C项表述符合原文，故选C。
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