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  3. Air Pollution and Acid Rain The increasing variety and prevalence of pollution presents the world with many extremely daunti

Air Pollution and Acid Rain The increasing variety and prevalence of pollution presents the world with many extremely daunti

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问题             Air Pollution and Acid Rain
    The increasing variety and prevalence of pollution presents the world with many extremely daunting problems, air pollution in particular ranks among the most serious. In the following text, air pollution and acid rain caused by automobiles will be discussed. Certain solutions to the problem will be provided in the conclusion.
    It is widely known that cars are the main cause of air pollution in cities, accounting for 60% to 90% of all air pollution. This will get worse as the number of cars increases in urban areas. How do cars cause air pollution? First we must examine how a car works. There’s a mixture of petrol in the car’s internal combustion engine which create the force for the automobile to move. Unfortunately, in this process there are some poisonous chemicals which remain; these poisonous chemicals mainly come out of the car through the exhaust, it’s not just what comes out of the car exhaust that is dangerous, the brake system also causes pollution. Brakes on cars release asbestos, it is a highly dangerous substance and it can kill humans. Also, the tires themselves give off small rubber particles which are not very healthy.
    Acid rain caused by air pollution has strongly influenced people’s lives. It is almost impossible to describe the mathematical relationship between what goes up as pollutant emissions and what comes down as acid rain. However, we do know the primary source of acid rain is the pollution released by power plants. The pollutants combine with moisture in the atmosphere and then fall as an acid rain. Germans often call it royal water, because it can break down gold.
    The royal water falls in the form of rain or snow on the German Black Forest and attacks the soil. Microorganisms within the soil perish and metals harmful to trees like aluminum leak into the ground. At the same time, the acid rain attacks the trees’ leaves and dissolves their waxy coating. The leaves then shrivel and die. About one in every ten trees in the Black Forest is a fir. 76% of all firs in the Black Forest are dying. 41% of all spruce are diseased, 43% of all pine are diseased, 26% of beech trees and 16% of all other trees are dying. Environmental groups like Green Peace campaign around Europe trying to stop the causes of acid rain.
    We need to find solutions to this problem. First, we should try and discourage the overuse of cars. We could do this by raising taxes on petrol or by making cars more expensive.
    Second, we can encourage alternative methods of transportation. For example, in Shanghai recently, a subway has been built underground, which takes some of the pressure off the roads. Some people would rather use the underground than drive their cars. Next, we could develop and use cleaner fuels instead of petrol. For example, we might use natural gas in the future or we might experiment with battery powered cars.
    Finally, the actual by-products of vehicle emissions must be managed.
(A)Scientists and engineers are now trying to use mechanical means for reducing the amount of chemicals that are emitted from cars’ exhaust pipes.
(B)Germany is now leading the way in attacking this part of the problem.
(C)In order to clean up motor vehicle emissions, all new cars in Germany must now meet new emission standards and be fitted with a device called a catalytic converter.
(D)This is a device that is fixed over the exhaust and controls the carbon monoxide and other dangerous chemicals that cars give off. Like Germany, the United States also introduced strict clean air-controls on motor vehicle emissions in the mid-70s as part of their efforts to reduce acid rain. It’s unlikely that any one of these solutions will work on its own. It will take a combination of all four of these solutions to help solve the air pollution problem.
All of the following are mentioned in Paragraph 2 as contributing to how cars cause air pollution EXCEPT ______.
选项 A、the brakes on cars give off asbestos bad for health
B、car combustion emits poisonous chemicals
C、catalytic converters also produces poisonous chemicals
D、tires give off small rubber particles harmful to health
答案C
解析 本题为判断正误题，考查考生根据文章中阐明的信息，判断什么信息是正确的，什么信息是错误的或是文章中没有提到的。题目问：根据第二段，下列哪一项不属于汽车造成的空气污染?根据第二段“There’s a mixture of petrol in the car’s internal combustion engine...Also, the tires themselves give off small rubber particles which are not very healthy (在汽车发动机内部有汽油混合物，该混合物产生一种动力推动汽车前进。不幸的是，在这个过程中会遗留某些有害化学物质。这些有害化学物质主要从汽车尾部的排气装置中排出。除了汽车排气装置排放的尾气有毒外，汽车的刹车装置同样也造成污染。汽车的刹车装置会释放石棉，而石棉是非常有害的物质，它甚至能将人毒死。此外，轮胎本身也产生对身体有害的橡胶颗粒)由此可以得出：选项A(刹车装置也产生对身体有害的石棉)、选项B(汽车发动机排放有毒化学物质)、选项D(轮胎产生对身体有害的橡胶颗粒)均符合题意。而选项C(催化式排气净化器会产生有毒化学物质)是错误信息，故选C。
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