首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
admin
2011-02-28
64
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards", and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink, some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise,
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would, refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights, and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights that pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ______.
选项
A、have the lights turned on
B、be rewarded with milk
C、please their parents
D、be praised
答案
A
解析
来自于:Would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement ”Switched on” a display of lights.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Hitd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语三级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语三级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Payandproductivity,itisgenerallyassumed,shouldberelated.Buttherelationshipseemstoweaken【C1】______peoplegetolder
Payandproductivity,itisgenerallyassumed,shouldberelated.Buttherelationshipseemstoweaken【C1】______peoplegetolder
KarenRusawasa30-year-oldwomanandthemotheroffourchildren.ForthepastseveralmonthsKarenhadbeenexperiencingrepe
Left-handersseemmoreathleticbecausethey_________.
What’sTom’spurposeofspeakingtoMr.Clinton?
Whatisthetopictheauthoristryingtogettoinparagraph1?Whichoneofthefollowingdoestheauthorthinkisthemosti
Whydoesthemangotothetravelagency?
Theearthisnottheonly【C1】______thattravelsaroundthesun.Withitareeightotherplanets,fellowmembersofthesun’sfam
Livetheatrelives.InEnglandineverytown,someoneisrehearsing,someonedevising,some-oneperforming.Winchesterisagood
Whatdoesthetelegramsay?
随机试题
患儿,男,11岁。发作性意识丧失3年,发作时双目凝视,一手捂头或站起走动,每次持续2~5分钟,发作后不能回忆,发作无规律,诊断为癫痫。下列检查哪种对诊断最必要
锉削平面较小,其平面度通常都采用游标卡尺通过透光法来检查。
阅读巴金《爱尔克的灯光》中的一段文字,然后回答下列小题。黑暗来了。我的眼睛失掉了一切。于是大门内亮起了灯光。灯光并不曾照亮什么,反而增加了我心上的黑暗。我只得失望地走了。我向着来时的路回去。已经走了四五步,我忽然掉转头,再看那个建筑物。依旧是阴暗
心肌细胞中,传导速度最慢的是
隧道小导管注浆宜采用( )。
(2004年卷四第20题)申请人应当在外观设计专利申请的请求书中写明下述哪些事项?
劳动定额的种类包括()。
图3表示人生殖发育过程中染色体数目的变化,下列叙述中不正确的是()。
运营活动是指投入一定的资源,经过一系列多种形式的变换,使其价值增值,最后以某种形式的产出提供给社会的过程。下列不属于运营活动的一项是()。
在采用公钥加密技术的网络中,A给B写了一份绝密文档,为了不让别人知道文档的内容,A利用()对文档进行加密后传送给B。
最新回复
(
0
)