首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Alison Preston of the University of Texas at Austin’s Center for Learning and Memory explains: A short-term memory’s conversion
Alison Preston of the University of Texas at Austin’s Center for Learning and Memory explains: A short-term memory’s conversion
admin
2015-05-24
61
问题
Alison Preston of the University of Texas at Austin’s Center for Learning and Memory explains: A short-term memory’s conversion to a long-term memory requires changes within the brain that protect the memory from interference from competing stimuli or disruption from injury or disease. This time-dependent process of stabilization, whereby our experiences achieve a permanent record inour memory, is referred to as "consolidation".
Memory consolidation can occur at many organizational levels in the brain. The cellular and molecular portions of memory consolidation typically take place within the first minutes or hours of learning and result in changes to neurons (nerve cells) or sets of neurons. Systems-level consolidation, involving the reorganization of brain networks that handle the processing of individual memories can then happen on a much slower time frame of days or even years.
The consolidation process that affects declarative memories-recollections of general facts and specific events—relies on the function of some specific structures in the brain. At the cellular level, memory is expressed as changes to the structure and function of neurons. For example, new synapses—the connections between neurons through which they exchange information—can form to allow for communication between new networks of neurons. Alternatively, existing synapses can be strengthened to allow for increased sensitivity in the communication between two neurons.
Consolidating such synaptic changes requires the synthesis of new RNA and proteins in the structures, which transform temporary alterations in synaptic transmission into persistent modifications of synaptic architecture. With time, the brain systems also change. Initially, the specific structure works in concert with sensory-processing regions distributed in the neo-cortex (the outermost layer of the brain) to form the new memories. Within the neo-cortex, representations of the elements that constitute an event in our life are distributed across multiple brain regions according to their content.
When a memory is first formed, the specific structure rapidly combines this distributed information into a single memory, thus acting as an index of representations in the sensory-processing regions. As time passes, cellular and molecular changes allow for the strengthening of direct connections among the neocortical regions, enabling access to the memory independent of the structure. Thus, while damage to the structure from injury or particular disorder hampers the ability to form new declarative memories, such a disruption may not impair memories for facts and events that have already been consolidated. Thus, an amnesiac with hippocampal damage would not be able to learn the names of current presidential candidates but would be able to recall the identity of our 16th president.
The word "synapses" (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means
选项
A、the junction between neurons.
B、the networks of neurons.
C、the brain regions.
D、the brain structure.
答案
A
解析
词义理解题。根据该词后面破折号后的内容即可断定A项为正确选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Hj74777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
BarackObamainvitedapuzzlinggroupofpeopleintotheWhiteHouseonDecember5th:universitypresidents.Whatevertheymight
BarackObamainvitedapuzzlinggroupofpeopleintotheWhiteHouseonDecember5th:universitypresidents.Whatevertheymight
Inhisnewbook,GoingSolo,NewYorkUniversitysociologistEricKlinenbergarguesthatwe’repoisedtobecomeanationdominat
Oftheworld’s774milliterateadultstwo-thirdsarewomen,asharethathasremainedunchangedforthepasttwodecades.Butgi
Oftheworld’s774milliterateadultstwo-thirdsarewomen,asharethathasremainedunchangedforthepasttwodecades.Butgi
Lastweek8,400Britishstudentsabouttoenteruniversityreceivedane-mailfromtheStudentLoansCompany(SLC),agovernment
Thenatureofthedream-stateishighlysubjectiveandatrulypersonalexperiencemakingthescientificanalysisofdreamingso
Despitetheeverydayuseofelectricalappliancesandtechnicaldevices,onlyaminorityofpeoplelivingtodayhasdeeperinsig
随机试题
下列属于已经付款但不属于本期或部分属于本期的费用的是()
A.DohlebodyB.Howell—JollybodyC.abnormallympHocyteD.RussellbodyE.Auerbody传染性单核细胞增多症时可出现
A.心肌收缩期泵功能障碍B.血压升高.左心室肥厚C.心室间隔非对称性肥厚D.内膜心肌纤维化E.心室舒张功能受损扩张型心肌病
某甲状腺功能亢进病人,T39.5℃,P150次/分,伴恶心、呕吐、大汗淋漓、嗜睡等。初步判断为
发行人主要产品的销售价格或主要原材料、燃料价格频繁变动且影响较大的,应针对价格变动对公司利润的影响做()。
下列选项属于功能复合材料的是()
下列加下划线字的读音完全相同的一组是()
下列观点不属于达尔文进化理论的是()。
典型调查,是指只收集典型单位资料的调查方法.典型单位指在被分析研究的现象方面具有突出特征的单位,可以是具极端标志的单位,也可以是最一般的单位即普通单位的代表,通过典型调查可以研究总体发展的一般情况和特点。下列选项中,属于典型调查的是()
WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.
最新回复
(
0
)