2. 医学
  3. Directions：In this part there is an essay in Chinese．Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the A

Directions：In this part there is an essay in Chinese．Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the A

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问题     Directions：In this part there is an essay in Chinese．Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET．Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay．
            体检的意义：是保障健康的根本   
    体检是一种保障健康的有效手段。有些原来自认为健康的人，被发现患病时，已经出现了肾衰竭；有些自认为没病的人，被发现肝硬化；有的乙肝病人被查出转氨酶很高，处于传染期，急需住院隔离……这样的事例还有很多，而如果能做到定期体检，就可及早发现潜在的致病因子、早期病灶或功能异常等情况，达到早期发现、早期治疗的目的。但是，体检不应当只是单纯地为了检出疾病，更重要的是为了指导患者或有高危因素的人如何坚持正确预防及治疗。最近，著名相声演员侯耀文突发心脏病猝死，让人再次意识到体检的意义。统计发现，到各体检中心体检的人近期也明显增加。
    事实上，体检的意义不仅是要通过体检帮助人们发现癌症和重症，还要通过体检帮助人们发现疾病的蛛丝马迹，指导人们采取健康的生活方式，从而避免疾病的发生和发展，这才是体检的终极意义。经常和定期体检当然最好，一年一次全身检查；也可以自我体检，比如，平时注意血压、血糖等。
    在进行体检时，有些慢性病患者可能存在疑惑。例如高血压的病人，有时会考虑是否要按正常时间服用降压药后进行体检。如果血压降至正常，医生是不是会得出错误的结论。或者，药物经代谢排出后会不会影响一些血液生化检查值。这些顾虑是正常的，大家应该明白：高血压患者每日按时服降压药，是保持血压稳定所必需的，贸然停药或推迟服药反而有可能会引起血压骤升，发生危险。按常规服药后再测血压，体检医生也可对目前的降压方案进行评价。服少量降压药对化验的影响是轻微的，可以忽略不计，所以高血压患者应在服完降压药后再来体检。对糖尿病或其他慢性病患者，也应在采血后及时服药，不可因体检干扰常规治疗。
    对于息高血压病多年的患者，体检除测血压以外，重点应注意是否已经发生由高血压引起的心血管损害，是否已经有因高血压引起的心脑血管疾病。弄清这些问题，有助于了解病情进展，判断预后，并为其制订恰当的医疗计划。为此，除一般体检中的项目，如测量血压、化验血糖、血脂、血常规、心电图以外，还应包括测量腹围、查眼底、测C反应蛋白、测尿微量白蛋白定量、查肾功能、做超声心动图和大血管超声。有相关症状时还应做心脏负荷试验及神经系统检查等。
    所以，在进行体检前，受检者应详细告知医生一些与疾病相关的情况，例如：是否吸烟与饮酒、家族史、既往患病情况、目前服药情况等。在对高血压患者进行治疗指导前，医生还必须搞清楚其高血压的发病时间、治疗过程、用药情况等关键问题，才能有针对性地提出进一步的治疗意见，包括加减用药剂量、调整用药品种等，从而达到最佳治疗效果。如受检者记不住所服药物的名称，可以把药盒带来辨认。病史陈述力争做到客观、准确，重要疾病不可遗漏，患其他慢性疾病正在服用治疗性药物的患者同样应该这样做。
    健康体检是一种新的自我保健方式，它可以变被动看病为主动检查，变消极治病为积极防病。它的重要性不仅在于可以帮助人们治疗重大严重的疾病，而且还在于可以帮助人们发现疾病的蛛丝马迹，指导人们采取健康的生活方式，早发现、早预防、早治疗。
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答案 Significance of Physical Checkup With the recent sudden death of a famous actor, people seem to have suddenly realized that physical checkup can help us to detect diseases and get treatment, especially serious and fatal ones. However, the significance of physical checkup lies not only in early detection but also in its cautionary and instructive impacts on people’s awareness in order to change their lifestyle to prevent and treat diseases actively in advance. Here are some factors to be considered in physical checkup. There are many misunderstandings of checkup among from common people to chronic patients. For example, patient are concerning about that their routine medication might affect the results of the exam, as a result they withhold medication before the exam. This is unnecessary and harmful due to the dosage is medically insignificant for the results and withholding medication might cause some dangers to some examined patients. Chronic hypertensive patients should checkup to make sure that their hypertension has not resulted in further cardiovascular harms or cerebral cardiovascular diseases. Checkup information can give instructions to their future treatment. Thus, more detailed examines should be undertaken, which include blood routine check, electrocardiogram (ECG.), CRP, kidney function, as well as special checkups like Cardiac stress test, Physical examination of the nervous system, etc.. Patients should offer information about their own and family medical histories, medication, etc., objectively and accurately, for doctors to exhaustively exam them and offer more specific medical advices. Conclusively, as a new healthcare method, physical checkup can both early detect present or potential diseases and remind people to adopt a healthy lifestyle for early disease prevention and treatment. Physical checkup is essential to health and healthcare.
解析 审题时要着重注意题目要求，不能遗漏要点和信息，合理组织语言。这是一篇说明文，文章开头需要点题即体检的意义，需指出健康体检是一种新的自我保健方式，它可以变被动看病为主动检查，变消极治病为积极防病。然后再一次阐述，体检的过程、医生的作用等细节。
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本试题收录于： 医学博士外语题库考研分类
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