首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
(46)Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regar
(46)Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regar
admin
2009-04-27
58
问题
(46)
Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regarding economic activities and transactions.
Individuals are free to make economic decisions concerning their employment, how to use or accumulate capital, what expenditures to make, and whether to use their resources now or to save them for later consumption. The principles underlying free-market economies can be traced to the 18th century British economist Adam Smith. (47)
According to Smith, individuals acting in their own economic self-interest will maximize the economic situation of society as a whole, as if guided by an "invisible hand".
In a free-market economy the government’s function is limited to providing what are known as "public goods" and performing a regulatory role in certain situations.
(48)
Public goods, which include defense, law and order, and education, have two characteristics; consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount of the goods left for others; and the benefits that an individual receives do not depend on that person’s contribution.
An example is a lighthouse. One individual’s use of light provided by a lighthouse does not reduce the ability of others to use it. in addition, the lighthouse owner cannot restrict individuals from using the light. (49)
The latter illustrates the "free-rider" phenomenon of public goods—both those who helped pay for the lighthouse and those who did not will enjoy the same amount of light.
The "free-rider" problem can be eliminated if governments collect taxes and then provide public goods.
Government’s role in a free-market economy also includes protecting private property, enforcing contracts, and regulating certain economic activities. Governments generally regulate "natural monopolies" such as utilities or rail service. Regulation is used in place of competition to prevent these monopolies from making excessive profits. Governments may also restrict economic freedom for the sake of protecting individual rights. Examples include laws that restrict child labor, or forbid the sale of unsafe goods.
Proponents of free-market economies believe they provide a number of advantages. They see free-market economies al encouraging individual responsibility for decisions and they believe that economic freedom is essential to political freedom. In addition, many people believe that free markets are more efficient in economic terms. (50)
Free markets provide incentives both to individuals to allocate resources such as labor and capital, among the most productive uses, and to firms to produce goods and services that the public want, using the most efficient means of production.
选项
答案
自由市场是一种经济体系。在这种体系中,是个人,而不是政府对其经济活动和交易起着主要的决定作用。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Hva4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Teenagersarespendingmoremoneythanever.Justlastyear,31.6millionteensspent155billion,accordingtotheNorthbrook,
ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedpara
Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightco
Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightco
RunningfortheofficeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesisexceptionallyarduousandshouldnotbeundertakenbythe【C1】___
Britain’sflexiblelabourmarketwasaboonduringtheeconomicslump,helpingkeepjoblessnessdownandthen,whentherecovery
[A]FewerchildrenattendCatholicschoolsnow[B]Changeinhigher-incomefamilieswillleadtochangeofprivateschoolpo
Manyparentsadmitthatthereisthegenerationgapbetweenthemandtheirchildren.Howcanweeliminatethegap?Inthissecti
WhydoweneedtheEnglishmajor?The【C1】________isineverymouth—or,atleast,isdiscussedextensivelyincolumnsand【C2】____
随机试题
表示弧焊整流器的代号为()。
党的十七大报告指出,“关系国民经济全局紧迫而重大的战略任务”是
重症肺炎患儿发生腹胀主要是由于
建设用地的主要功能是()。A.承载功能B.区位功能C.生产功能D.增值功能
依据《测绘地理信息业务档案保管期限表》,下列选项中,需永久保存的资料是()。
大坝混凝土浇筑,分块尺寸和铺层厚度已定,解决层间不出现冷缝的措施有()。
“人对一定问题的判断越是自由,这个判断的内容所具有的必然性就越大”,这句话指的是
.
Thegamerequiresustofindouttwosimplebuteffectivewaystosolvethisproblem.
TheTurthAboutRecyclingItisanawfullotofrubbish.Since1960theamountofmunicipalwastebeingcollectedinAmericaha
最新回复
(
0
)