首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective eval
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective eval
admin
2018-05-23
89
问题
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】
Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evaluation of empirical evidence, they are expected to willingly, even eagerly, abandon cherished beliefs when new evidence undercuts them.
So it is remarkable that so few of the essays in a new book in which scientists answer the question in the title, "What Have You Changed Your Mind About?" express anything like this ideal.
Many of the changes of mind are just changes of opinion or an evolution of values. One contributor, a past supporter of manned spaceflight, now thinks it’s pointless, while another no longer has moral objections to cognitive enhancement through drugs. Other changes of mind have to do with busted predictions, such as that computer intelligence would soon rival humans’. 【F2】
Rare, however, are changes of mind by scientists identified with either side of a controversial issue.
There is no one who rose to fame arguing that a disease is caused by sticky brain plaques and who has now been convinced by evidence that the plaques are mostly innocent bystanders, not culprits. But really, we shouldn’ t be surprised.【F3】
Supporters of a particular viewpoint especially if their reputation is based on the accuracy of that viewpoint, cling to it like a shipwrecked man to floats.
Studies that undermine that position, they say, are fatally flawed.
In truth, no study is perfect, so it would be crazy to abandon an elegant, well-supported theory because one new finding undercuts it. 【F4】
But it’s fascinating how scientists with an intellectual stake in a particular side of a debate tend to see flaws in studies that undercut their dearly held views, and to interpret and even ignore "facts" to fit their views.
No wonder the historian Thomas Kuhn concluded almost 50 years ago that a scientific paradigm falls down only when the last of its powerful adherents dies.
The few essays in which scientists do admit they were wrong—and about something central to their reputation—therefore stand out.【F5】
Physicist Marcelo Gleiser of Dartmouth breaks ranks with almost every physicist since Einstein, and with his Own younger self, in now doubting that the laws of nature can be unified in a single elegant formulation.
Gleiser has written dozens of papers proposing routes to the unification of gravity and quantum mechanics through everything from superstrings to extra dimensions, but now concedes that "all attempts so far have failed." Unification may be esthetically appealing, but it’s not how nature works.
【F5】
选项
答案
达特茅斯大学的物理学家马赛罗-格雷泽现在通过对“自然法则可以归纳为一条简洁的公式”的观点提出质疑,与爱因斯坦之后几乎所有物理学家分道扬镳了,也与年轻时的自己划清了界限。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IF6Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
WhydoweneedtheEnglishmajor?The【C1】______isineverymouth—or,atleast,isdiscussedextensivelyincolumnsand【C2】______
Itiscommonknowledgethathealthyfoodssuchasfruitsandvegetablescontaincertainnutrientsthatpromotegoodhealth—namel
Peekthroughtheinspectionwindowsofthenearly100three-dimensional(3D)printersquietlymakingthingsatRedEye,acompany
Ininterviews,famouspeopleoftensaythatthekeytobecomingbothhappyandsuccessfulisto"dowhatyoulove."Butmasterin
Ininterviews,famouspeopleoftensaythatthekeytobecomingbothhappyandsuccessfulisto"dowhatyoulove."Butmasterin
Thehighestanxietymomentintheholidayseasonmustbethemomentjustbeforeyourlovedonesunwraptheirgifts.Theribbonc
Thenewsaboutvitaminskeepsgettingworse.Manystudiespublishedinthelastfewyearsshowsthatavarietyofpopularsupple
Thenewsaboutvitaminskeepsgettingworse.Manystudiespublishedinthelastfewyearsshowsthatavarietyofpopularsupple
Englishhasbeensuccessfullypromoted,andhasbeeneagerlyadoptedinthegloballinguisticmarketplace.Onesymptomoftheim
Howdoesliterarystyleevolve?Surprisingly,【C1】______lieinwordswithseeminglylittlemeaning,suchas"to"and"that".
随机试题
对放疗最敏感的肺癌是
患者,男性,58岁,患有慢性支气管炎并阻塞性肺气肿,近日因感冒咳喘加重,并有低热,就诊前2h突然喘息加剧,出大汗,用解痉止喘药均不能缓解而就诊。查体:喘憋状态,口唇发绀,左肺叩诊过清音,右肺鼓音,右肺呼吸音消失,左侧呼吸音增粗并有少量干啰音。除上述外,
下列对上颌乳中切牙外形的描述,错误的是
乡(镇)村企业用地经有批准权的政府批准,并经建设项目竣工验收通过后,由县级人民政府发给《集体土地建设用地使用证》。
A公司是一个颇具实力的制造商。公司管理层估计某种新型产品可能有巨大发展,计划引进新型产品生产技术。考虑到市场的成长需要一定时间,该项目分两期进行。第一期需要购置十套专用设备,预计每套价款90万元,追加流动资金140万元。于2013年年末投入,2014年投产
甲公司2016年度归属于普通股股东的净利润为9600万元,2016年1月1日发行在外普通股股数为4000万股,2016年6月10日,甲公司发布增资配股公告,向截止到2016年6月30日(股权登记日)所有登记在册的老股东配股,配股比例为每5股配l股,配股价格
《公民道德建设实施纲要》中职业道德的内容中不包括()。
原来将一批水果按100%的利润定价出售,由于价格过高,无人购买,不得不按38%的利润重新定价,这样出售了其中的40%,此时因害怕剩余水果会变质,不得不再次降价,售出了全部水果。结果实际获得的总利润是原来利润的30.2%,那么第二次降价后的价格是第一次定价的
一家公司正在考虑改变其关于日常工作时间的规定,该公司要求所有的员工早上8:00到达并开始工作。提议中的规定会允许员工决定什么时候到——最早从早上6:00,最晚到上午11:00。该规定的采用可能降低员工的生产率,如果员工的工作职责要求他们:
向student表插入一条新记录的正确SQL语句是( )。
最新回复
(
0
)