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  3. Economists usually study markets. Now, two Americans have won the Nobel Prize in economics for not studying markets. They will s

Economists usually study markets. Now, two Americans have won the Nobel Prize in economics for not studying markets. They will s

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问题     Economists usually study markets. Now, two Americans have won the Nobel Prize in economics for not studying markets. They will share almost $ 1.5 million for their analysis of economic【B1】______, which is the study of how economic activity is governed within companies,【B2】______and other groups.
    The winners are Elinor Ostrom and Oliver Williamson. The prize in economic sciences has gone to 63 men since it was first【B3】______40 years ago. Elinor Ostrom is the first woman. And, like other winners over the years, her training【B4】______economics. She is a professor of political science and of public and environmental affairs. Today, economic theory suggests that good resource management requires【B5】______, either private or public. If not, the thinking goes, then self-interest will lead to overuse and【B6】______of shared resources.
    Elinor Ostrom showed how local decision making can【B7】______the tragedy. She studied farmers in Southern California who depended on a common water supply. Her research has deepened the understanding of how people balance their needs with those of others who depend on the same resources. She【B8】______how people who use resources often develop ways to share them.
    Oliver Williamson has studied big companies and found that they often are better than markets at doing complex jobs. Under his theory, businesses act as structures for conflict resolution. For example, companies that own their suppliers can【B9】______long-term contracts and disputes over prices. This can make production more efficient and【B10】______limited resources. But businesses can also abuse their power. Prof. Williamson says the best way to deal with this is not by limiting the size of companies, but through industry regulation.
【B2】
选项
答案communities
解析 并列关系题。空格后有and，可知所填单词与companies和other groups构成并列结构，故此处应填入名词复数形式。结合录音可知，答案为communities。
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