首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. One is negative: a thinner pay packet hurts self-es
Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. One is negative: a thinner pay packet hurts self-es
admin
2016-09-08
29
问题
Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. One is negative: a thinner pay packet hurts self-esteem(自尊). The other is called the "tunnel" effect: the income gap is seen as improving your own chances of similar riches.
A paper co-authored by Felix FitzRoy of the University of St. Andrews separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany. Previous work showed that the income of others can have a small, or even positive, overall effect on employees’ satisfaction in individual firms in Denmark or in very dynamic economies, such as Eastern Europe. But Mr. FitzRoy’s team proposed that older workers, who largely know their lifetime incomes already, will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect. The negative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for people aged under 45. In western Germany, seeing peers’ incomes rising actually makes young people happier.
It is only those people over 45, when careers have "reached a stable position" , whose happiness is harmed by the success of others.
The prospect of more than 20 years of hard work might make retirement seem more attractive. Those with jobs are no happier after they retire, however, perhaps because their lives already agree with social expectations. Unemployment is known to damage happiness because not working falls short of social expectations. Pensions or increased leisure time cannot make up for the loss of social acceptance. Unemployed people are dissatisfied with their life not only because they have lower incomes, but also because they may get low and negative recognition from others.
Indeed, retiring early from work can have side-effects. Another paper, co-authored by Andreas Kuhn of the University of Zurich, investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurance rules that allow blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others. Men retiring a year early lower their chance of surviving to age 67 by 13% . Almost a third of this higher death rate seemed to be concentrated among those who were forced into early retirement by job loss. The death was caused by smoking and alcohol consumption. If you’re in a job, even when you are paid less, hang on in there.
What does Felix FitzRoy’s team infer from the data from household surveys?
选项
A、Older people feel thankful for working in a stable environment.
B、Young people feel unpleasant about being paid less than their peers.
C、The success of peers exerts a negative impact on people over 45.
D、Young workers under 45 appreciate a much smaller tunnel effect.
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。本题考查菲利克斯·菲茨罗伊的团队依据对德国家庭调查获得的数据得出的推论。定位句提到,只有那些“处于事业稳定期”的45岁以上的员工的幸福感才会因为别人的成功而受到伤害。由此可知,同事的成功对45岁以上的员工产生负面的影响,故答案为C)。A)“年纪较大的员工很感谢工作环境稳定”与原文中的…those people over 45,when careers have“reached a stable po—sition”…的逻辑不符,故排除;B)“年轻人会因为薪水比同事少而感到不高兴”,原文第二段第四句和第五句提到,对于那些45岁以下的员工,比同事薪水少对幸福感所造成的负面影响并不明显。在德国西部,看到同事收入增长实际上使年轻人感到更幸福。B)的逻辑和原文不符,故排除;D)“45岁以下的年轻员工享受着较小的隧道效应”与原文第二段第三句的信息不符,原文提到的是older workers…willenjoy a much smaller tunnel effect,故排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IJY7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Shewasusingthewrongpaint.B、Shehasrunoutofpaintbrushes.C、Shedoesn’tfeellikegoingtoclass.D、Shehasdroppedou
A、Shewillhavemorecontactwithstudents.B、Itwillbringhercapabilityintofullerplay.C、Shewillbemoreinvolvedinpoli
A、Theteacherpostponethemeeting.B、Therewon’tbeatestthisafternoon.C、Thestudentswillbeattendingthemeeting.D、The
Menaremorelikelythanwomentomarrysomeonetheyfeelisnotquiterightforthem,debunkingthe【B1】______thatwomenwilldo
Asthenewsalesdirectorforanationalcomputerfirm,AlexGordonwas【B1】______hisfirstmeetingwiththecompany’sdistrict
HowtoSetupParentalControlsonaSmartphoneSaveyourkidsfromthedarksideoftheInternet.A)Kidsar
A、Shewasrunningafever.B、Shehadtorunalongwaytothemeeting.C、Shewasinvolvedinacaraccident.D、Shehadhercars
A、Theyregretforthem.B、Theyjustignorethem.C、Theysharplycriticizethem.D、Theyfollowhisbehavior.B短文提到,Elvis的粉丝们选择忽视E
ThingsYouCan’tSayinCanadaA)Attackingoursacredcows(thingsorpeoplethatcannotbecriticized)mayturnyouintoone
A、HelikesSwedenbetterthanEngland.B、Heprefershotweathertocoldweather.C、HeisanEnglishmanlivinginSweden.D、Hevi
随机试题
A、Theyheldaceremonyatthesite.B、Theymadeasilentprotestatthesite.C、Theypresentedflowerstothevictims.D、Theyme
简述初步调查的内容。
EDI软件的重要特征有
关于动脉导管未闭,下列哪项是错误的
42岁,患者主诉接触性出血3个月,检查:外阴阴道未见异常,宫颈中度糜烂,子宫附件正常
A.心血管疾病B.感染性疾病C.胃肠道症状D.呼吸系统症状E.神经肌肉系统症状慢性肾衰竭最常见、最早出现及最突出的临床症状是
脚手架拆除时,交替的拆除应从上而下逐层进行,严禁上下同时作业。下列关于脚手架拆除的要求中,错误的是()。
现代生物起始于“生物大爆炸”时期,也就是寒武纪。那么,下列选项中生活于“生物大爆炸”时期的主要生物是()。
TipsforCookingonaTightScheduleFrommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften:abi
Itisfootballtimeagain.Currently,thequalifyingroundsarebeingplayedtodecidewhichcountrieswillsendteamstothe20
最新回复
(
0
)