首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which sh
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which sh
admin
2016-11-11
73
问题
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which showed that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men in order to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’ s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £ 1,500 a year.
That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else: women taking "career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £4,000 a year more than female ones.
To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.
Besides pay, her study also looked at the "glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1. 04 and 2. 45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Different from the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts , than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. In other words, private enterprise delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
Which of followings could be the best title for the text?
选项
A、Avoid the discrimination.
B、Free to Flutter.
C、The Hardest Move.
D、Mind the Gap.
答案
D
解析
本题是一道中心主旨题,考查考生对本文整体把握以及对中心主旨理解的能力。本题的答案信息在文章首段的尾句(即本文的中心主旨句),其大意是:“现在,一次更大规模的研究(即Sara Connolly的研究)已经发现歧视在英国大学男女科学家收入差距(pay gap)方面起着作用。”并且整篇文章都是在讲述对男女科学家收入和待遇差距方面的研究,由此可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IPoZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Itseemstohappenwithdepressingfrequency—sunnyskiesturntorainjustastheweekendarrives.NowSpanishresearcherssayt
WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?Soonafteranevent【C1】______,newspapersar
WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?Soonafteranevent【C1】______,newspapersar
Muchoftheworldshouldgoonadietin2014.Morethanathirdofadults【C1】______wereestimatedtobe【C2】______orobesein20
Marriageis,formanypeople,theirmostimportantrelationship,thesourceofmuchhappiness,and,forsome,evenaddsextraye
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand1
Therigidhigher-educationbusinessisabouttoexperienceawelcomeearthquake.Traditionaluniversitiesnowfaceanew【C1】____
Therigidhigher-educationbusinessisabouttoexperienceawelcomeearthquake.Traditionaluniversitiesnowfaceanew【C1】____
Birth,growth,decline,death:itistheusualcycleforpeople,companiesandindustries.Butthestoryofviolin-makinginCre
随机试题
以下属于耐用消费品的有()
以不正当手段取得医师执业证书的
膀胱破裂合并其他脏器损伤时的处理原则不正确的是()
进行项目盈亏平衡分析时,属于可变成本的是()。
下列叙述正确的是()。
依法必须进行施工招标的项目,招标人应在( )之日起15日向有关行政监督部门提交招标投标情况的书面报告。
若杂货班轮在目的港的交货实际数量少于B/L的记载数量,其短少损失应由承运人赔偿。()
针对某一国家、地区、行业或某一类贷款风险计提的准备是()。
决定动用本级政府预备费的权力属于()。
根据下面材料回答下列题。2006年美国港口集装箱吞吐量与中国的比大约是()。
最新回复
(
0
)