2. 外语
  3. An English schoolboy would only ask his friend: "Wassa time, then?" To his teacher he would be much more likely to speak in a mo

An English schoolboy would only ask his friend: "Wassa time, then?" To his teacher he would be much more likely to speak in a mo

admin2010-07-24  61
问题     An English schoolboy would only ask his friend: "Wassa time, then?" To his teacher he would be much more likely to speak in a more standardized accent and ask: "Excuse me, sir, may I have the correct time please?" People are generally aware that the phrases and expressions they use are different from those of earlier generations; but they concede less that their own behavior also varies according to the situation in which they find themselves.
    Not only this, but in many cases, the way someone speak affects the response of the person to whom he is speaking in such a way that "modeling" is seen to occur. This is what Michael Argyle has called "response matching". Several studies have shown that the more one reveals about oneself in ordinary conversation, and the more intimate these details are, the more personal secrets the other person will let out.
    Response matching has, in fact, been noted between two speakers in a number of ways, including how long someone speaks, the length of pauses, speech rate and voice loudness. The correspondence between the length of reporters’ questions when interviewing President Bush, and the length of his replies has been shown to increase over the duration of his 2005-2007 news conferences. Argyle says this process may be one of imitation. Two American researchers, Jaffe and Feldstein, prefer to think of it as the speaker’s need for balance. Neither of these explanations seems particularly convincing. It may be that response matching can be more profitably considered as an unconscious reflection of speakers’ needs for social integration with one another.
    This process of modeling the other person’s speech in a conversation could also be termed speech convergence (聚合). It may only be one aspect of a much wider speech change. In other situations, speech divergence (分离) may occur when certain factors encourage a person to modify his speech away from the individual he is dealing with. For example, a retried general’s wife, renowned for her continuous snobbishness (势力), may return her vehicle to the local garage because of inadequate servicing, voicing her complaint in elaborately phrased, yet mechanically unsophisticated language, with a high soft-pitched voice. These superior airs and graces may simply make the mechanic, reply with a flourish of almost incomprehensible technical terms, and in a louder, more deeply lowered voice than he would have used with a less angry customer.
The example of the retired general’s wife and mechanic is mentioned in the text to show that ______.
选项 A、wives of high ranked official are usually very pride to poor people
B、modeling is not the only way people respond in different situations
C、there is a distinct speech difference between rich people and the poor
D、the poor tend to pretend to be well-educated in front of the rich
答案B
解析 推理判断题。原文末段举例之前说，模拟可能只是更宽范围的语言变化的一个方面。在另外一些情况下，当某些因素促使讲话人想要让自己的话尽量有别于听者的时候，则会发生话语离散。换句话说，语言变化除了模拟(modeling)还有别的形式，就是采取有别于听话人的说话方式讲话。然后举出将军妻子的例子。由此可以推知，该例子是为了证实“模仿不是人们在不同环境中唯一的反应方式”，故B为正确答案。
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