首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health? A)Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also aff
Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health? A)Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also aff
admin
2014-12-12
47
问题
Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health?
A)Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also affect your health? It does, but not always in ways you might expect. The data on how an economic downturn influences an individual’s health are surprisingly mixed. It’s clear that long-term economic gains lead to improvements in a population’s overall health, in developing and industrialized societies alike.
B)But whether the current economic downturn will take a toll on your own health depends, in part, on your health habits when times are good. And economic studies suggest that people tend not to take care of themselves in boom times—drinking too much(especially before driving), dining on fat-filled restaurant meals and skipping exercise and doctors’ appointments because of work-related time commitments.
C)"The value of time is higher during good economic times," said Grant Miller, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford. "So people work more and do less of the things that are good for them, like cooking at home and exercising; and people experience more stress due to the severity of hard work during booms."
D)Similar patterns have been seen in some developing nations. Dr. Miller, who is studying the effects of fluctuating coffee prices on health in Colombia, says that even though falling prices are bad for the economy, they appear to improve health and decrease death rates. When prices are low, laborers have more time to care for their children. "When coffee prices suddenly rise, people work harder on their coffee plots and spend less time doing things around the home, including things that are good for their children," he said. "Because the things that matter most for infant and child health in rural Colombia aren’t expensive, but require a substantial amount of time—such as breast-feeding, bringing clean water from far away, taking your child to a distant health clinic for free vaccinations(接种疫苗)—infant and child death rates rise."
E)In this country, a similar effect appeared in the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression, according to a 2007 paper by Dr. Miller and colleagues in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The data seem to contradict research in the 1970s suggesting that in hard times there are more deaths from heart disease, cirrhosis(肝硬化), suicide and murder, as well as more admissions to mental hospitals. But those findings have not been repeated, and several economists have pointed out flaws in the research.
F)In May 2000, the Quarterly Journal, of Economics published a surprising paper called "Are Recessions Good for Your Health?" by Christopher J. Ruhm, professor of economics at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, based on an analysis measuring death rates and health behavior against economic shifts and jobless rates from 1972 to 1991. Dr. Ruhm found that death rates declined sharply in the 1974 and 1982 recessions, and increased in the economic recovery of the 1980s. An increase of one percentage point in state unemployment rates correlated with a 0.5 percentage point decline in the death rate—or about 5 fewer deaths per 100,000 people. Over all, the death rate fell by more than 8 percent in the 20-year period of mostly economic decline, led by drops in heart disease and car crashes.
G)The economic downturn did appear to take a toll on factors having less to do with prevention and more to do with mental well-being and access to health care. For instance, cancer deaths rose 23 percent, and deaths from flu and pneumonia increased slightly. Suicides rose 2 percent, homicides 12 percent.
H)The issue that may matter most in an economic crisis is not related to jobs or income, but whether the slump widens the gap between rich and poor, and whether there is an adequate health safety net available to those who have lost their jobs and insurance. During a decade of economic recession in Japan that began in the 1990s, people who were unemployed were twice as likely to be in poor health as those with secure jobs. During Peru’s severe economic crisis in the 1980s, infant deaths jumped 2.5 percentage points—about 17,000 more children who died as public health spending and social programs collapsed.
I)In August, researchers from the Free University of Amsterdam looked at health studies of twins in Denmark. They found that individuals born in a recession were at higher risk for heart problems later in life and lived, on average, 15 months less than those born under better conditions. Gerard J. van den Berg, an economics professor who was a co-author of the study, said babies in poor households suffered the most in a recession, because their families lacked access to good health care. Poor economic conditions can also cause stress that may interfere with parent bonding and childhood development, he said. He noted that other studies had found that recessions can benefit babies by giving their parents more time at home.
J)"This scenario(情况)may be relevant for well-to-do families where one of the parents loses a job and the other still brings in enough money," he said. "But in a crisis where the family may have to face huge housing-cost losses and the household income is insufficient for adequate nutrition and health care, the disadvantageous effects of being born in a recession seem much more relevant."
K)In the USA, there are already signs of the economy’s effect on health. In May, the market research firm Information Resources reported that 53 percent of consumers said they were cooking more than they did just six months before—in part, no doubt, because of the rising cost of prepared foods. At the same time, health insurance costs are rising. With premiums and co-payments, the average employee with insurance pays nearly one-third of medical costs—about twice as much as four years ago, according to Paul H. Keckley, executive director of the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions.
L)In the United States, which unlike other industrialized nations lacks a national health plan, the looming recession may take a greater toll. About 46 million Americans lack health insurance, Dr. Keckley says, and even among the 179 million who have it, an estimated 1 in 7 would be bankrupted by a single health crisis. The economic downturn "is not good news for the health care industry," he said. "There may be something positive, but I think this needs pondering."
There is no national health plan in the United States.
选项
答案
L
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Ibq7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Averylargenumberofpeople【B1】______whenquiteyoungtoaddanythingtoalimitedstockofjudgments.Afteracertainage,sa
Averylargenumberofpeople【B1】______whenquiteyoungtoaddanythingtoalimitedstockofjudgments.Afteracertainage,sa
A、Theirnewclassmate.B、Theirnewcolleague.C、Areporter.D、Theirnewteacher.B男士说:“真是个蠢家伙!真是个麻烦制造者!”女士回答:“是的…关于这业务,他一无所知。我不知
A、TheywerereligiouspeoplefromNewEngland.B、TheywerereligiouspeoplefromAmerica.C、TheywerereligiouspeoplefromEngl
Upto80percentoftimespentonlineatworkiswasted,accordingtoanewstudyfromKansasStateUniversity.Itsuggeststhat
Upto80percentoftimespentonlineatworkiswasted,accordingtoanewstudyfromKansasStateUniversity.Itsuggeststhat
Upto80percentoftimespentonlineatworkiswasted,accordingtoanewstudyfromKansasStateUniversity.Itsuggeststhat
Ifyouaretryingtodoyourbitforsustainabilityandsavewaterbytakingshortershowers,thenanewreportonsustainabilit
随机试题
A.生理性黄疸B.新生儿溶血C.先天性胆道闭锁D.新生儿败血症E.母乳性黄疸进行性加重的黄疸,大便陶土样
大便色灰白,溏结不调多见于
清骨散的功用普济消毒饮的功用
患者,女,36岁。两大腿内侧患有钱币形红斑2枚,自觉瘙痒。边界清楚,中央有自愈趋向,多在夏季加重。其诊断是()
一质量为m的球体,在距地面高度为H处自由下落,球落至地面时的速度只与m,H和重力加速度g有关,速度v的表达式为()。
甲公司为增值税一般纳税人。该公司2013年9月9日购进原材料300吨,单价为2万元,支付原材料价款600万元,支付增值税额102万元。在购买过程中发生运输费用4万元(不考虑相关增值税)、途中保险费1万元。原材料入库前发生挑选整理费用3万元。另外,为购买该原
美国行为主义心理学家华生在《行为主义》一书中写道:“给我一打健康的婴儿,一个由我支配的特殊的环境,让我在这个环境里养育他们,我可担保,任意选择一个,不论他父母的才干、倾向、爱好如何,他父母的职业及种族如何,我都可以按照我的意愿把他们训练成为任何一种人物——
局里出台一项规定。需要你去基层单位落实,但是你在去落实的时候了解到基层单位觉得不具有可行性无法落实,你自己也这么觉得,怎么处理?
一、注意事项1.申论考试是对考生阅读理解能力、综合分析能力、提出和解决问题能力、文字表达能力的测试。请考生仔细阅读给定资料,按要求作答。2.本试题由“给定资料”和“作答要求”两部分构成。二、给定资料1.教育公平作为突出的社会问题被越来越多的
汉代对儿童进行启蒙教育的私学,称为()。
最新回复
(
0
)