2. 外语
  3. Poverty exists because American society is an unequal one, and there are overwhelming political pressures to keep it that way. A

Poverty exists because American society is an unequal one, and there are overwhelming political pressures to keep it that way. A

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问题     Poverty exists because American society is an unequal one, and there are overwhelming political pressures to keep it that way. Any【C1】________to redistribute wealth and income in the United States will【C2】________be opposed by powerful middle- and upper-class interests. People can be relatively rich only if others are relatively poor, and since power is【C3】________in the hands of the rich, public policies will continue to reflect their interests rather than those of the poor.
    As Herbert Gans (1973) has pointed out, poverty is actually【C4】________from the point of view of the nonpoor. Poverty【C5】________that "dirty" work gets done. If there are no poor people to scrub floors and empty bedpans (便盆) , these jobs would have to be【C6】________with high incomes before anyone would touch them. Poverty creates jobs for many of the nonpoor, such as police officers, welfare workers, pawnbrokers (典当商) , and government bureaucrats. Poverty makes life easier for the rich by providing them with cooks, gardeners, and other workers to perform basic chores while their employers enjoy more pleasurable activities. Poverty provides a market for【C7】________goods and services, such as two-day-old bread, run-down automobiles, or the advice of【C8】________physicians and lawyers. There is no【C9】________conscious "conspiracy" (阴谋) of the wealthy to keep the poor in poverty. It is just that poverty is an inevitable【C10】________of the American economic system, which the poor are politically powerless to influence or change.
    A)attempt         E)dubiously     I) incompetent   M)justifies
    B) concentrated   F)endowed       J) inevitably    N) outcome
    C) criticism      C) ensures      K) inferior      O) rewarded
    D) deliberate     H) functional   L) invaluable
【C4】
选项
答案H
解析 形容词辨义题。分析句子结构可知，此处空格所在句子的主语是poverty，空格前后有系动词is和介词短语from the point of view of the nonpoor，因此可以断定这里需要填入一个形容词或动词的过去分词形式，与is一起构成该句的系表结构。备选词汇中符合上述语法条件的过去分词还剩下endowed和rewarded；形容词则有：deliberate(故意的)，invaluable(无价的)，inferior(低劣的，次等的)。functional(功能的；起作用的)，incompetent(无能的)。结合下文可知，这里是指“贫穷具有功能和作用”，functional最为贴切，故选H。
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