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  3. A. Gender differentiator B. Mark of Personality C. Adoption of foreign drinks D. Statement of affiliation E. Sit

A. Gender differentiator B. Mark of Personality C. Adoption of foreign drinks D. Statement of affiliation E. Sit

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问题     A. Gender differentiator
    B. Mark of Personality
    C. Adoption of foreign drinks
    D. Statement of affiliation
    E. Situation definer
    F. Classification of drinking pattern
    G. Status indicator
    It is clear that in all cultures where more than one type of alcoholic beverage is available, drinks are classified in terms of their social meaning, and the classification of drinks is used to define the social world. Few, if any, alcoholic beverages are "socially neutral": every drink is loaded with symbolic meaning, every drink conveys a message. Alcohol is a symbolic vehicle for identifying, describing, constructing and manipulating cultural systems, values, interpersonal relationships, behavioral norms and expectations. Choice of beverage is rarely a matter of personal taste.
    【R1】________
    At the simplest level, drinks are used to define the nature of the occasion. The type of drink served defines both the nature of the event and the social relationship between the drinkers. The choice of drink also dictates behavior. In many Western cultures, champagne is synonymous with celebration, such that if champagne is ordered or served at an otherwise "ordinary" occasion, someone will invariably ask "What are we celebrating?"
    【R2】________
    Choice of beverage is also a significant indicator of social status. In Poland, for example, wine is regarded as a high-status, middle-class drink, while native beers and vodkas are "ordinary" or working-class.
    【R3】________
    Choice of beverage may also be a statement of affiliation, a declaration of membership in a particular group, generation, class, "tribe", sub-culture or nation and its associated values, attitudes and beliefs. Certain drinks, for example, have become symbols of national identity: Guinness for the Irish, tequila for Mexicans, whisky for Scots, ouzo for Greeks etc. One’s national beverage can be a powerful expression of one’s loyalties and cultural identity.
    【R4】________
    While differences in age, class, status, aspirations and affiliations are frequently expressed through beverage choice, the most consistent and widespread use of alcohol as a social "differentiator" is in the gender-based classification of drinks. Almost all societies make some distinction between "masculine" and "feminine" beverages: even where no other differentiation is found, this primary division is likely to be evident, and, often, to be rigidly observed. Even in societies where only one alcoholic beverage is available, such as palm wine among the Lele of Zaire, a weaker, sweeter version, Mana ma piya, is considered suit-able for women, while Mana ma kobo, described as "strong" and "fierce", is a man’s drink.
    【R5】________
    It appears that the adoption of foreign drinks also involves the adoption of the drinking patterns, attitudes and behavior associated with the alien culture, while other societies absorb foreign drinks without "taking in" any of the associated cultural approaches. When the British go to France, they exhibit a tendency to drink wine in beer quantities and display all of the behavioral excesses associated with their native drinking patterns, with the result that young British tourists "are now renowned in France and elsewhere in Europe for their drinking and drunkenness". In Spain, by contrast, the young males appear more sensitive to alien cultural influences.
    In spite of many areas covered, information on the symbolic meanings of different types of alcoholic drink is still incomplete. Therefore, further and more precise research on the symbolic functions of alcoholic beverages is needed.
【R4】
选项
答案A
解析 第五段首句的主句部分点出该段的主题——性别的区分(gender-based classification of drinks)。第二句展开说明，指出几乎所有社会都会对不同性别的酒有所区分。第三句以扎伊尔的Lele部落为例来说明这一点。本段的关键词是gender based classification“性别的分类”，且出现了masculine“男性的”及feminine“女性的”，结合最后一句的例子可知本段的主题与区分性别有关，故确定A“区分性别”为正确答案。注意第五段首句虽然出现了诸如class，status，affiliations等的关键词，但都是出现在让步状语从句中，该句的主句内容才是重点，故不能凭这几个词来作答本题。
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