首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great lea
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great lea
admin
2009-04-27
98
问题
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholar procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.
Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions "What happened?" and "How did it happen?" have given way to the question "Why did it happen? Prominent among the methods used to answer the question "Why" is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.
Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its "facts" not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the "deepest" explanation of any event that other explanations fall short of the truth.
Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.
选项
A、The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method
B、Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings ofpsychohistorians
C、Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditionalhistorians
D、History is composed of unique and nonrepeating events that must be individually analyzed on the basis of publicly verifiable evidence
答案
A
解析
本文主要讨论心理历史学给历史研究带来的变革,第三段将心理历史学与传统历史学作了比较。第四段指出了心理历史学的随意性同时有悖于传统历史学原则。答案选项传达了本文的主旨。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Ija4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Runningmaybethesinglemosteffectiveexercisetoincreaselifeexpectancy,accordingtoanewreviewandanalysisofpastre
WhenIaskexperiencedcollegeteachersandadministratorstodescribehowcollegestudentshavechangedovertheyears,Ioften
Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarked
[A]Waysforparentstohelpdeafchildrenspeak[B]Variousreactionsofparentstotheirdeafchildren[C]Badattitude
SupposeyouareapplyingforagraduatepositioninHarvardUniversityandyouarerequiredtosubmitarecommendationletter,w
SupposeyouwanttoapplyforanEnglisheditorprovidedbyanewspaper.Writeanemailtothepersonincharge,JohnSmithto
SupposetheOhioProgramofIntensiveEnglishisenrollingstudents.ThisprogramistohelpstudentslearnEnglishquickly.Wri
WhydoweneedtheEnglishmajor?The【C1】________isineverymouth—or,atleast,isdiscussedextensivelyincolumnsand【C2】____
WhydoweneedtheEnglishmajor?The【C1】________isineverymouth—or,atleast,isdiscussedextensivelyincolumnsand【C2】____
Let’ssayyou’reworkingtowardagoal.Maybeit’stocutoutjunkfood,budgetbetterorstoplookingatyourphonesomuch.Ch
随机试题
考生文件夹下存在一个数据库文件“samp2.mdb”,里面已经设计好“tStud”、“tCourse”、“tScore”三个关联表对象和一个空表“tTemp”。试按以下要求完成查询设计:(1)创建一个查询,查找并显示简历信息为空的学生的“学号”、“姓名”
简要说明商号权的概念及内容。
男性,45岁。逐渐乏力、心慌2个月来诊,病后偶有上腹部不适,进食正常,体重略有下降,大小便正常,既往体健。查体:贫血貌,皮肤未见出血点,浅表淋巴结不大,巩膜无黄染,心肺腹检查未见明显异常。化验Hb78g/L,MCV75fl,MCHC29%,WBC7
组成中含有麻黄的方剂是()组成中含有蜀椒的方剂是()
危险废物贮存设施应选在地质结构稳定,地震烈度不超过( )的地区内。
2010年以后,各大商业银行逐渐取消了住房贷款的优惠利率。北京、上海都出台了房屋限购令。中国人民银行也在年内5次上调存款准备金率。中国人民银行也在3年内首次加息。根据以上材料,回答下列问题:中国人民银行的加息政策表明()。
低碳经济是指在可持续发展理念指导下,通过技术创新、制度创新、产业转型、新能源开发等多种手段,尽可能地减少煤炭、石油等高碳能源消耗,减少温室气体排放,达到社会经济发展与生态环境保护双赢的一种经济发展形态。根据上述定义,下列不符合低碳经济理念的是()。
某国研究机构选取患有妊娠糖尿病的初孕妇和非妊娠期糖尿病的初孕妇各50例为研究对象,分别为“观察组”和“对照组”,对两组产后糖尿病的发病情况进行观察和跟踪。结果发现100例患者中产后糖尿病的发病患者共计46例,“观察组”和“对照组”的产后糖尿病患者分别为40
以下标志中,可以成为注册商标的是()
(1)Inwalksthesethreegirlsinnothingbutbathingsuits.I’minthethirdcheck-outslot,withmybacktothedoor,soIdon
最新回复
(
0
)