首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
admin
2018-04-03
30
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unshown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) , were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always — supplementary factors.
Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?
选项
A、They are natural endowments to living creatures.
B、They are more important than instincts to all animals.
C、They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.
D、They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.
答案
C
解析
细节题。根据题意可定位到原文第二段提到的“Habits,instead of being born ready—made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all),were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment.”可知,习惯并不是生来就有的,它们已经越来越受到环境的影响了。故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IqCO777K
0
成人本科学位英语
相关试题推荐
WhenEdisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericans______allpowerintheirhomes,streetsandfactoriesforseveralminutesin
Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyoneperson
Stressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthysuchaspooreatinghabits,which________increasetheriskofheartdisease.
TheroleofwomeninBritainhaschangedalotinthiscentury,【C1】______inthelasttwentyyears.Themainchangehasbeen【C2】_
TheroleofwomeninBritainhaschangedalotinthiscentury,【C1】______inthelasttwentyyears.Themainchangehasbeen【C2】_
TheroleofwomeninBritainhaschangedalotinthiscentury,【C1】______inthelasttwentyyears.Themainchangehasbeen【C2】_
TheroleofwomeninBritainhaschangedalotinthiscentury,【C1】______inthelasttwentyyears.Themainchangehasbeen【C2】_
TheroleofwomeninBritainhaschangedalotinthiscentury,【C1】______inthelasttwentyyears.Themainchangehasbeen【C2】_
TheroleofwomeninBritainhaschangedalotinthiscentury,【C1】______inthelasttwentyyears.Themainchangehasbeen【C2】_
随机试题
A.环孢素B.羟氯喹C.柳氮磺吡啶D.甲氨蝶吟E.来氟米特磺胺类药物过敏者应禁用的药物是
关于胰的描述,下列错误的是
青年女性,因昏迷被急送入院,呼吸可闻及刺激性蒜昧,双侧瞳孔呈针尖样,最可能的诊断是( )。
天海公司根据生效判决书向法院申请强制执行。执行开始后,天海公司与四通公司达成和解协议。和解协议约定,将80万元债务减少为70万元。协议生效之日起1个月内还清。协议生效1个月后.四通公司并未履行协议的约定。下列做法哪一个是正确的?()
路线价法用于一面临街矩形土地价格的计算公式,且土地的形状和临街状况有特殊者,计算公式有()。
下面描述有误的是()。
赵某转让自己收藏的一幅字画,该字画经文物部门认定是海外回流文物,取得的转让收入为20万元,但是赵某无法提供准确的财产原值凭证,赵某应缴纳的个人所得税是()万元。
信用社对其筹集的资本金依法享有经营权,但在经营中应当规范。检查时应注意其固定资产净值占资本金的比重是否超过了()%。
设f(x)在(0,1)内有定义,且exf(x)与e-f(x)在(0,1)内都是单调增函数,证明:f(x)在(0,1)内连续.
Inthepastoysterswereraisedinmuchthesamewayasdirtfannersraisedtomatoes—bytransplantingthem.First,farmersselec
最新回复
(
0
)