首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In most systems of medicine, the healer artfully evokes the patient’s powers of self-suggestion, which are responsible for whate
In most systems of medicine, the healer artfully evokes the patient’s powers of self-suggestion, which are responsible for whate
admin
2010-08-04
35
问题
In most systems of medicine, the healer artfully evokes the patient’s powers of self-suggestion, which are responsible for whatever healing may occur. This mysterious gift of self-healing is cloaked with an anodyne(止痛的) label, the "placebo effect", and recognized only as a nuisance likely to confound clinical trials. But the placebo ( Latin for "I will please" ) and its shadowy twin the nocebo ( "I will harm" ) are much more than methodological problems: they lie at the heart of every interaction between doctor and patient.
How they work no one knows. But the brain rules the body in many subconscious ways, including its control of the body’s major hormones and its subtle influence over the immune system. So it’s possible that, in ways yet unknown, expectations about health or disease are sometimes translated in to a bodily reaction that fulfils them. The power of these effects is hard to overstate.
A rule of thumb is that 30 percent of patients in the placebo half of a drug trial ( i. e. those who unknowingly receive a dummy pill instead of the real thing) will experience all improvement in symptoms. But the proportion may be much higher. Just like real drugs, placebo pills can produce stronger effects in larger doses. Patients will report greater relief when given a larger pill, or two dummy capsules instead of one.
Doctors’ expectations also contribute to the awesome power of the placebo effect. In a study of tooth extraction, patients were given either a painkiller or sham drugs. Some dentists were assigned to give either drug, without knowing which, but other dentists knew they would be giving only sham drugs. The patients whose dentists thought they had at least a 50-50 chance of giving a painkiller suffered significantly less pain. Presumably, doctors transmit their expectations to the patient through subtle cues, often without knowing they are doing so.
How does placebo work?
选项
A、It fights the virus in human bodies.
B、It works through people’s mental power.
C、It controls the hormones in human bodies.
D、It strengthens people’s immune system.
答案
B
解析
第二段对placebo可能如伺起作用进行了介绍,从the brain rules the body和expectations about health or disease are sometimes translated into a bodily reaction这些语句可归纳推理得出B)这个结论。placebo作为安慰剂只通过人们的心理作用起作用,本身是没有任何药理作用的,也就不可能对抗人体内的病毒,排除A);从第二段第二句可知,placebo作用于人脑,人脑再控制荷尔蒙,所以C)的说法不准确;同样道理,从第二段第二句町知,placebo作用于人脑,人脑再对免疫系统施加微妙的影响,故D)的说法也不准确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/JDA7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Asciencefictioncartoon.B、Ascientificprogram.C、Amovieonpersonalitydisorders.D、AdramasetinNewYorkCity.B
Creativityisnotsomethingoneisjustbornwith,norisitnecessarilyacharacteristicofhighintelligence.Apersonishigh
Creativityisnotsomethingoneisjustbornwith,norisitnecessarilyacharacteristicofhighintelligence.Apersonishigh
A、Thespeakerwasaqualifiednurse.B、Mr.Gillespiewasanoptimisticperson.C、Hewhohelpsotherswillfeelhappytoo.D、Sick
Formostkindsofactivities,alargegroupofpeoplecanaccomplishmoreandhavemorefunthanonepersonlonely.Forexample,
Formostkindsofactivities,alargegroupofpeoplecanaccomplishmoreandhavemorefunthanonepersonlonely.Forexample,
Formostkindsofactivities,alargegroupofpeoplecanaccomplishmoreandhavemorefunthanonepersonlonely.Forexample,
A、Hesentthemoneytohisolderbrother.B、Hespentthemoneyproducingpurepenicillin.C、Hewenttocollegetostudymedicine
Robotsdomakemistakessometimes.Buttheyarenotresponsibleforthemistakes.Inoneautomobilefactory,,forexample,thed
随机试题
男,56岁,刷牙时牙龈出血20余年,下前牙松动1年。检查:全口牙石(++),牙龈中等程度红、水肿,探诊出血,普遍牙龈退缩2~3mm,下前牙松动I度,探诊深度6mm,其余牙探诊深度普遍4~7mm如果该患者接受牙周治疗后症状消退,但6个月后,义出现了牙龈出
进行阴道分泌物悬滴检查的用物准备应该包括
患儿,5岁。时有尿频,每晚尿床1次以上,纳少便溏,面色少华,动则多汗,易感冒,神疲乏力,舌淡苔薄白,脉弱无力。该患儿应诊断为()。
客户对交易结算报告的内容有异议的,应当在期货经纪合同约定的时间内向期货公司提出( )。
在应对与会计估计相关的重大错报风险时,下列各项程序中,注册会计师认为适当的有()。
能鉴别学业水平高低、能力强弱的测验表明其()很高。
下列句子中,加点的成语运用恰当的是()。
朋友从网络上传来著名生物学家道金斯《解析彩虹》中译本书稿嘱评。其中提到诗人济慈认为牛顿用三棱镜将太阳光分解成红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫的光谱,使彩虹的诗意丧失殆尽,因此科学不仅不美,还会破坏美感。这位19世纪英国著名诗人的声音在当代也会产生回响。自
(1)DenzelWashingtonandHalleBerrymadehistorySundaywithAcademyAwardwins,andformany,itwasasweetvictory,longpas
Johnisabusdriver.Hegetsupatsixo’clock,eatsalight【B1】______inahurry,andthenrushestowork.Helikeshisjob
最新回复
(
0
)