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  3. Surgeons will soon be able to enter the eye to carry out operations — at least in a virtual sense. Techniques derived from virtu

Surgeons will soon be able to enter the eye to carry out operations — at least in a virtual sense. Techniques derived from virtu

admin2010-04-30  17
问题     Surgeons will soon be able to enter the eye to carry out operations — at least in a virtual sense. Techniques derived from virtual reality — the computer system that immerses operations in an artificial computer generated world — will allow surgeons to feel as if he could see the inside of the eye during an operation, creating the illusion that they are actually there.
    Researchers at the Biorobotics Laboratory of McGill University in Montreal are building a robot, known as Micro Surgery Robot I (MSR 1 for short), that will perform delicate operations under the control of a human surgeon.  The robot is specifically designed for performing eye surgery but could have other applications, such as the removal of brain tumors. The system could also be used to allow surgeons and their students to practice simulated surgery that feels like the real thing — without the real consequences for the patients.
    During the operations, the surgeon manipulates a set of control known as the master. These are connected through a high performance computer to the robot. Both the master and the robot have two limbs. When the surgeon moves the master’s limbs, the robot’s limbs move in exactly the same way, except that the movements can be scaled down as much as a thousand times. This will eliminate hand tremor and poor accuracy and thus reduce the damage to the eye that can occur with present techniques.  Each of the robot’s limbs has a minimum movement of one micrometer — more than one hundred times the precision of the human hand.
    The computer also creates a three dimensional robot’s eye view of the inside of the eye that the surgeon can see by wearing a virtual reality helmet that has a small lens in front of each eye.
    To provide the surgeon with such a realistic experience, MSR I must be able to move rapidly, but this requires extremely fast computing. To handle the computational demands of instant interaction, the McGill team is constructing its own parallel processing computer. It is also studying areas such as muscle mechanism, artificial intelligence and optics, and has already built another microrobot, MR 1, capable of manipulating a single living cell.
    Although commercial applications of the new system are not expected for several years, its basic mechanical components will be ready for testing in a few months. "The day when microrobots will be able to perform surgery without human intervention is many years away," says Hunter, "in the meantime, a system such as MRS 1 is a necessary precursor,"
What is the chief advantage of the virtual reality techniques when used in microsurgery?
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答案Can be used to practice simulated surgical operations
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