首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Planning a Writing Lesson I. What is a genre —various in kind —features of genre: layout, formality level, language —variation b
Planning a Writing Lesson I. What is a genre —various in kind —features of genre: layout, formality level, language —variation b
admin
2017-03-20
41
问题
Planning a Writing Lesson
I. What is a genre
—various in kind
—features of genre: layout, formality level, language
—variation between【T1】______【T1】______
II. Stages of a writing lesson
A. Generating ideas
—importance of learners’ own ideas
—e. g. a complaint letter
—thinking about a situation
—comparing ideas in【T2】______【T2】______
—presenting the best ideas to the class
B. Focusing ideas
—【T3】______of relevant ideas【T3】______
—method:
—putting ideas into a(n)【T4】______【T4】______
—writing continuously without worrying about grammar, punctuation or
【T5】______【T5】______
C. Focusing on a model text
—purpose:
—to find appropriate【T6】______【T6】______
—to raise awareness of genres’【T7】______【T7】______
—method: model text examination
—identifying【T8】______and language from examples of a genre【T8】______
—replacing the【T9】______according to the organization of the essay【T9】______
D. Organizing ideas
—【T10】______drafting【T10】______
—ideas grouping
E. Modifying the manuscript
—informing students【T11】______whether to revise or not【T11】______
—focusing more on a(n)【T12】______other than the teacher【T12】______
—incorporating【T13】______comments【T13】______
F. Writing the final draft
—check of【T14】______【T14】______
III. Conclusion
—learners’ own ideas applied within a certain genre
—sense of【T15】______【T15】______
【T3】
Planning a Writing Lesson
Good morning, everyone. Today we’ll talk about how to plan a writing lesson. Writing, unlike speaking, is not an ability we acquire naturally, even in our first language. It needs a process of learning and practicing. Unless the second language learners are explicitly taught how to write in the new language, their writing skills are likely to get left behind as their speaking progresses. But teaching writing is not just about grammar, spelling, or the mechanics of the Roman alphabet. Learners also need to be aware of and use the conventions of the genre in the new language.
First of all, we have to make it clear what a genre is. A genre can be anything from a menu to a wedding invitation, from a newspaper article to an estate agent’s description of a house. Pieces of writing of the same genre share some features, in terms of layout, level of formality, and language.(1)However, a genre may vary considerably between cultures, and even adult learners familiar with a range of genre in their first language need to learn to use the conventions of those genre in English.
In general, there are a couple of stages involved in the product of writing in accordance with a specific genre. I don’t necessarily include all these stages in every writing lesson, and the emphasis given to each stage may differ according to the genre of the writing and the time available.
As is often the case, to inspire learners to formulate their ideas is the first stage of a process approach to writing. Even when producing a piece of writing of a highly conventional genre, such as a letter of complaint, using own ideas can make the writing more memorable and meaningful. Before writing a letter of complaint, learners think about a situation when they have complained about faulty goods or bad service or have felt like complaining, and tell a partner. As the first stage of preparing to write an essay, I give learners the essay title and pieces of scrap paper.(2)They have 3 minutes to work alone, writing one idea on each piece of paper, before comparing in groups. Each group can then present their 3 best ideas to the class.
(3)Then, there is another stage taken from a process approach, and it involves thinking about which of the many ideas generated are the most important or relevant, and perhaps taking a particular point of view.(4)As part of the essay-writing process, students in groups put the ideas generated in the previous stage into a mind map. The teacher then draws a mind map on the board, using ideas from the different groups. At this stage he/she can also feed in some useful collocations. This gives the learners the tools to better express their own ideas.(5)I tell my students to write individually for about 10 minutes, without stopping and without worrying about grammar or punctuation. If they don’t know a particular word, they write it in their first language. This often helps learners to further develop some of the ideas used during this stage.
(6)Once the students have got their own ideas, and thought about which are the most important or relevant, I try to give them the tools to express those ideas in the most appropriate way.(7)The examination of model texts is often prominent in product or genre approaches to writing, and will help raise awareness of the conventions of typical texts of different genres in English.(8)I give learners in groups several examples of a genre, and they use a genre analysis form to identify the features and language they have in common. This raises their awareness of the features of the genre and gives them some language ’ chunks’ they can use in their own writing.(9)Learners are given an essay with the topic sentences taken out, and put them back in the right place. This raises their awareness of the organization of the essay and the importance of topic sentences.
Once learners have seen how the ideas are organized in typical examples of the genre, they can go about organizing their own ideas in a similar way.(10)Students in groups draft a plan of their work, including how many paragraphs and the main points of each paragraph. When preparing to write an essay, students group some of the ideas produced earlier into main and supporting statements.
In a pure process approach, the writer goes through several drafts before producing a final version. In practical terms, and as part of a general English course, this is not always possible.
(11)Nevertheless, it may be helpful to let students know beforehand if you are going to ask them to write a second draft.(12)This stage affords learners a chance to become aware of an audience other than the teacher.(13)If students are to write a second draft, I ask other learners to comment on what they liked or didn’t like about the piece of work, or what they found unclear, so that these comments can be incorporated into the second draft.
(14)Finally, when writing a final draft, students should be encouraged to check the details of grammar and spelling, which may have taken a back seat to ideas and organization in the previous stages.
All right, today we’ve illustrated necessary stages learners have to follow before getting started. By going through some or all of these stages, learners use their own ideas to produce a piece of writing that uses the conventions of a genre appropriately and in so doing,(15)they are asked to think about the audience’s expectations of a piece of writing of a particular genre, and the impact of their writing on the reader. In our next lecture, we will get started with a specific genre and talk about how to write an academic paper.
选项
答案
selection
解析
本题考查重要细节。根据句(3)可知,写作流程中还有一个阶段,是思考众多想法中哪些是最重要的或最有相关性的,并采纳其中某一个观点,所以填selection。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/JDzK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThemoststrikingphoneticdifferencebetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishisthepronunciationof______inwords.
Cross-culturalLivingInadaptingtoanewculture,expecttogothroughthreedistinctstages.Iwillgiveyousomeideas
Cross-culturalLivingInadaptingtoanewculture,expecttogothroughthreedistinctstages.Iwillgiveyousomeideas
Thereareseveralpossiblerelationshipsbetweenlanguageandsociety.Oneiswhatsocialstructuremayeitherinfluenceordete
Inwhichkindofconversationstyledopeopletaketurnstogiveopinions?
流逝,表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。“子在川上曰:逝者如斯夫。”他们发现无论是潺潺小溪,还是浩荡大河,都一去不复返,流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转眼就枯黄,很自然有错阴的紧迫感。流逝也许是缓慢的,但无论如何缓慢,对流逝的恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时
A、Dairyproductslikesoymilkandyogurt.B、Whitetea.C、Mushrooms.D、FruitslikeorangecontainingVitaminC.B本题设题点在信息列举处。根据句(
A、Givingoneselfalittletimeandgoingtoparties.B、Eatingright.C、Gettingenoughrest.D、Listeningtoone’sownbodyandfo
(1)LastmonthHansenTransmissionsInternational,amakerofgearboxesforwindturbines,waslistedontheLondonStockExchang
(1)Isthereanythingmoreboringthanhearingaboutsomeoneelse’sdream?Andisthereanythingmoremiraculousthanhavingone
随机试题
甲状腺危象好发于甲状腺手术后多少小时
先天性巨结肠最常见的并发症是
四末有力,功能正常主要依靠的是
A.采取查封扣押的紧急控制措施B.采取暂停生产、销售或使用的紧急控制措施C.处以2~5倍的罚款,情节严重的吊销许可证等行政处罚措施D.责令改正,没收违法销售的制剂,并处以罚款,有违法所得的予以没收E.由药品监督管理部门处1万以上5万元以下的罚款,没
A.梅毒B.盆腔结核C.淋病D.滴虫阴道炎E.念珠菌阴道炎经血行传播的是
喷射混凝土质量检验指标包括()。
下列不属于目前商业银行界认为比较有效的声誉风险管理方法的是()。
互联网发展正向更多传统领域渗透。制造、广告、新闻、通信、医疗、教育、旅游、餐饮……几乎所有的传统行业、传统应用与服务都在被互联网改变。传统行业向互联网迁移,带来资金流、信息流、物流整合,形成新平台,产生新应用,带来产业或服务的转型升级。中国社会科学院信息化
设有图书管理数据库:图书(总编号C(6),分类号C(8),书名C(16),作者C(6),出版单位C(20),单价N(6,2))读者(借书证号C(4),单位C(8),姓名C(6),性别C(2),职称C(6),地址C(20))借阅(借
执行下列程序语句后,输出结果为()。#includeusingnamespacestd;intm=5:intmain(){intm=3:m++:::m++:
最新回复
(
0
)