首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
WHO, working closely with its Member States, other United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations, is focusing on ma
WHO, working closely with its Member States, other United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations, is focusing on ma
admin
2011-01-02
59
问题
WHO, working closely with its Member States, other United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations, is focusing on major crippling forms of malnutrition: protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency disorders, vitamin A deficiency, and iron deficiency anaemia.
In some regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, stagnation of nutritional improvement combined with a rapid rise in population has resulted in an actual increase in the total number of malnourished children. Currently, over two-thirds of the world’s malnourished children live in Asia, followed by Africa and Latin America.
Various types of micronutrient malnutrition are important causes of disability in themselves and often underlie other types of morbidity. Their prevalence is even more widespread than that of protein-energy malnutrition.
In sheer numbers, iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency, with nearly 1,990 million people being anemic and 3,600 million iron-deficient. Iron deficiency is present when body iron stores are depleted.
Mainly women of reproductive age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency, with prevalences hovering around 50% in developing countries. Among various regions of the world, it is south Asia which is hit hardest with prevalences reaching 80% in some countries. In infants and young children even mild anaemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development. In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output. It also leads to increased absenteeism and accidents at work. During pregnancy, maternal anaemia aggravates the effects of hemorrhage at childbirth and is a major contributing factor to maternal mortality.
While there is no single remedy, a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best. Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals. Iron fortification of foods, particularly of staple cereals, is practiced in a growing number of countries. Iron supplementation is the most common approach, particularly for pregnant women.
Another major problem is iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Iodine deficiency remains the single greatest cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation worldwide. WHO estimated in 1990 that 1,570 million people, or about 30% of the world’s population, were at risk of IDD.
Insufficient intakes of iodine in pregnancy and early childhood result in impaired mental development of young children. Even marginal deficiency may reduce a child’s mental development by as much as 10 IQ points.
The third major micronutrient deficiency is vitamin A deficiency which is officially recognized in 76 countries as a major public health problem. The number of children under five affected clinically is estimated at 2.8 million, with 258 million being diagnosed as having a biochemical deficiency. The highest prevalence and numbers are in Southeast Asia.
Depletion occurs when the diet contains too little vitamin A to replace the amount used by tissues. The consequences include night blindness and the destruction of the cornea, Vitamin A deficiency is the most common cause of blindness in young children. Where clinical vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem, young child mortality rates are raised by 20% to 30%.
There are several tried and tested ways of preventing and treating vitamin A deficiency, including improved production and consumption of foods rich in vitamin A or carotene, especially dark-green leafy vegetables and fruits, and liver, eggs and milk products if available. Fortification of fats has been successfully introduced in industrialized countries while the same technique using sugar proved to be equally successful in Central America. Another useful strategy is supplementation with large doses of vitamin A every 4 to 6 months for children of pre-school age and lactating women.
Mental development of young children is impaired mainly by ______.
选项
A、vitamin A deficiency
B、iron deficiency
C、iodine deficiency
D、protein-energy malnutrition
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/JKlO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TheSeattletimesCompanyisonenewspaperfirmthathasrecognizedtheneedforchangeanddonesomethingaboutit.Inthenews
HypnosisIntheofficeofa【1】______,ayoungmanisregardedasthesubjectofanexperimentin
Beguninthelate1960sbyPentagonweaponsresearchersasasystemforeasingcommunica-tionbetweencomputersindisparateel
AmericanIndianMovement(AIM)isanorganizationdevotedtopromotingculturalawarenessandpoliticalselfdeterminationforN
TheStatusofWomeninAncientSocietyInlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagre
Itishisnaturetoconferbenefits,butheisashamedtoreceivethem;fortheformeristhepartofasuperior,thelatterof
WhichofthefollowingisNOTafreemorpheme?
1 InthedaysoftheRoses,Francewasstillasortofsemi-detachedpartofEngland,acountrymuchlessforeigntoanEnglish
在十二世纪及随后的几个世纪中,炼金术(alchemy)在欧洲得到广泛的研究,并引起许多有学问的人的注意。虽然他们制造金子的种种尝试注定了是要失败的,但是他们的工作却使许多新的化学知识和实验方法得以发展。然而后来欧洲的许多炼金术士却是十足的骗子,他们施展各种
ThenewestvisionofGoogle’sAndroidoperatingsystem,calledIceCreamSandwich,hasbuilt-inencryption.
随机试题
投资组合管理的一般流程不包括()。
与动脉粥样硬化密切有关的物质是
对于阴道癌淋巴转移。错误的是
A.进口检验B.抽查性检验C.委托检验D.复验E.注册检验因不具备条件,请药品检验所进行的检验是()。
听音室或立体声控制室的混响时间在()左右,背景噪声满足噪声评价曲线NR-15。
已知某企业上年的营业净利率为10%,总资产周转次数为1次,年末资产负债率为50%,利润留存率为50%,假设保持上年的经营效率和财务政策不变,并且不增发新股和回购股票,则今年企业的销售增长率为()。
经常用于非管理人员招聘的员工招聘方法是()
媒体暴力一直是社会和相关领域学者关注的热点问题之一,网络背景下的暴力视频游戏如何影响攻击性行为更是当前研究的重要主题。有研究认为暴力视频游戏会增加个体的攻击性(Greitemeyter&Mugge,2014),但少有研究从虚拟化身(指个体在虚拟环境中
某市警察局的统计数字显示,汽车防盗装置降低了汽车被盗的危险性。但是汽车保险业却不以为然,它们声称,装了汽车防盗装置的汽车反而比那些没有装此类装置的汽车更有可能被偷。下面哪一项如果正确,最能解释这个明显的矛盾?
在VisuMFoxPro中,程序中不需要用PUBLIC等命令明确声明和建立,可直接使用的内存变量是()。
最新回复
(
0
)