首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Answer Questions by referring to the comments on 3 different people in the following article from a reference book. A = Gott
Answer Questions by referring to the comments on 3 different people in the following article from a reference book. A = Gott
admin
2009-06-24
72
问题
Answer Questions by referring to the comments on 3 different people in the following article from a reference book.
A = Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
B = George Berkeley
C = David Hume
Who...
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Leibniz was a German philosopher who belonged to the Rationalist school of philosophers, to which also belonged Descartes and Spinoza. But Leibniz was not only a philosopher, he was also a considerable authority on law, a diplomat, a historian and an outstanding mathematician—as is proved by his discovery in 1676, independently of Newton, of the Differential Calculus.
Leibniz was the son of a Professor of Philosophy of Leipzig University, who died when his son was only 6, but who left behind a fine collection of books which the young Leibniz read eagerly. Leibniz studied law at the University, and then, while in the service of the Elector of Mainz, he visited Paris and London and became acquainted with the learned men of his time. When he was 30 he became official librarian of the Brunswich family at Hanover, where he remained till he died.
His philosophy is set out in a short paper, The Mondadology, which he wrote two years before his death. Otherwise, except for one or two famous essays, his philosophical and scientific ideas have had to be assembled from his various papers and letters which, fortunately, have survived. They show Leibniz’s brilliant intellect, especially in his attempt to relate mathematics and logic so that problems of philosophy could be exactly calculated and no longer be under dispute. He held that everything from a table to man’s soul, and even to God himself, is made up of "monads" atoms, each of which is a simple, indivisible, imperishable unit, different from every other monad and constantly changing.
George Berkeley
Berkeley was born of an aristocratic Irish family and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he remained as fellow and tutor. All his best work was written very early, and by the age of 27 he had made a reputation as a writer on philosophy. In 1712 Berkeley went to London and associated with the literary men of the day, among whom he was warmly welcomed.
Berkeley travelled widely in Italy and France, and then spent a few years in the English colonies of North America and the West Indians, where he had hoped to found a missionary college. When his hope failed, he returned to Ireland, and in 1734 was appointed Bishop of Cloyne. He spent 18 years administrating his diocese, living a happy family life with his wife and children, and writing books on both philosophical and practical subject. In 1752 he retired to Oxford, where he died the next year at the age of 68.
Berkeley’s claim to fame rests on his philosophy. His views are in contrast, deliberately, to those of John Locke. As an idealist he believes that mind comes before matter, while a Materialist holds everything depends upon matter.
Beyond his strictly philosophical works, Berkeley was interested in natural science and mathematics. He wrote an Essay to yards a New Theory of Vision in which he attempted to explain how we are able to judge the distance of objects from us. Though science has made great advances since Berkeley’s day, his essay is still of value.
David Hume
Hume is a celebrated Scottish philosopher and historian. In 1739, after a period of study in Paris, when he was only 28, he published one of the most influential books of English philosophy of modern times—the Treatise of Human Nature. It excited little interest, however, when it first appeared, and Hume turned to writing admirable essays on a variety of topics. In 1752 he returned to Edinburgh as librarian of Advocates’ Library, and began to compose A History of England, the final volume of which was published in 1761. From 1761 to 1765, he was secretary to the British Embassy in Paris; where he was sought after by the cultured society. For the rest of his life he lived in his native Edinburgh, the central figure of a distinguished group of writers.
Hume’s chief fame as a philosopher rests on the strict and logical way in which he applied the principle of John Locke, that all thought is built up from simple and separate elements, which Hume calls impressions. He believed that even a human being is a bundle of different perceptions, and has no permanent identity. His criticism of man’s belief that everything has a cause seemed to deny what we assume, not merely from ordinary experience, but from a scientific knowledge; and since he wrote, philosophers have been trying to find answers to his penetrating doubts. Indeed he has had more influence upon recent discussion in England about the principles of knowledge than any other philosopher of the past.
选项
A、
B、
C、
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/JMTd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
LivingHistoryatJamestownSettlementAwomaninNativeAmericanclothesissittinginthesun,sewingadressfromskin.In
LivingHistoryatJamestownSettlementAwomaninNativeAmericanclothesissittinginthesun,sewingadressfromskin.In
WhatMakesaSoccerPlayerGreat?Soccerisplayedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld,buttherehaveonlybeenfewpl
SuccessfulLanguageLearners1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabulary,mast
TheySayIreland’stheBestIrelandisthebestplaceintheworldtoliveinfor2005,accordingtoalifequalityranking
TheySayIreland’stheBestIrelandisthebestplaceintheworldtoliveinfor2005,accordingtoalifequalityranking
WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutdomesticviolence?Theabusivepatternisactuallyanexhibitionoftheconceptthat_
WhichstatementisTRUEofthedescriptioninthefirsttwoparagraphs?Thesixthparagraphmainlystatethattheresearchers_
Whatdoesthephrase"turnthetablesontheirteachers"inPara.1mean?Whyhasthestudents’expectationoftheircoursesch
TheAmericanIndustryAhistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay
随机试题
股票采用代销方式,代销期满后,向投资者出售的股票数量低于拟公开发行股票的数量的多少比例的,为发行失败?()
真空越高,其绝对压力越大。
人们常说“管理是一门艺术”强调的是()。
女,60岁,因慢性支气管炎继发感染住院月余,2天前突发高热,咳嗽加重,咳黄色脓痰,后为乳状脓血痰,伴气急、发绀,右肩胛下散在湿啰音。白细胞计数20×109/L,有中毒颗粒。胸部X线片示肺下野大片絮状浓淡不均阴影。最可能的诊断是
母乳喂养的足月婴儿,应于下列哪个时期服用维生素D
甲、乙二人为夫妻,甲赴外地打工五年未归。甲之合伙人丙与乙协商由乙请求法院宣告甲死亡,甲被宣告死亡后,乙依继承法取得甲的遗产,包括房屋一栋,存款10万元及在合伙企业中的股份若干,后甲返还,则甲有权:
某城市一公交站台前,一位独自坐轮椅的妇女要上车,车站工作人员考虑到她行动不便,轮椅在车上缺乏安全,司机又没法照顾她,只得婉拒这位妇女乘车。该妇女无奈之下,求助于警察。你认为这种情境说明了何种最重要的问题?()
杰克.伦敦规模最大的一部长篇小说是(),代表了他文学创作的最高成就。
EuphemismDefinition-lexicalmeaning:—speakingwithgoodwordsorin【T1】______【T1】______-apolite,roundabout
DeclineofColoradoRiverisSevere[A]TheColoradoRiver,whichflowedacrossthelandwithsuchgustothatitcarvedthemajes
最新回复
(
0
)