2. 外语
  3. While many companies are spending more money on sales promotion than on media advertising, it is difficult to say just what pe

While many companies are spending more money on sales promotion than on media advertising, it is difficult to say just what pe

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问题     While many companies are spending more money on sales
promotion than on media advertising, it is difficult to say just what
percentage of a firm’ s overall promotional budget should be
allocated to advertise versus consumer- and trade-oriented【M1】______
promotions. This relocation depends on a number of factors,【M2】______
including the specific promotional objectives of the campaign, the
market and competitive situation, and the brand’s stage in its life
cycle.
    Consider, for example, what allocation of the promotional【M3】______
budget may vary according to a brand’s stage in the product life
cycle. In the introductory stage, a large amount of the budget may
be allocated to sales promotion techniques such as sampling and
couponing to induce trial. In the growth stage, moreover,【M4】______
promotional dollars may be used primarily for advertising to stress
brand differences and keep the brand name in competitors’ minds.【M5】______
When a brand moves to the maturity stage, advertising is primarily
a reminder to keep consumers aware the brand. Consumer-oriented【M6】______
sales promotions such as coupons, price-offs, premiums, and
bonus packs may be needed periodically to maintain consumer
loyalty, attract new users, and protect against competition.
Trade-oriented promotions needed to maintain shelf space and【M7】______
accommodate retailers’ demands for better margins as long as【M8】______
encourage them to promote the brand. A study on the synergistic
effects of advertising and promotion examined a brand in the
mature phase of its life cycle and has found that 80 percent of its【M9】______
sales at this stage was due to sales promotions. When a brand【M10】______
enters the decline stage of the product life cycle, most of the
promotional support will probably be removed and expenditures
on sales promotion are unlikely.
【M7】
选项
答案∧needed一are
解析 语法错误。need to do sth．意为“需要做……”。此处maintain．．．and accommodate．．．不是Trade-oriented promotions的内容．而是其要达到的目的，故不能说“贸易导向促销需要保持……以及适应零售商的要求。”此处在needed前加上are意为“被需要”，后面的不定式表目的，符合上下文语义。此形式也与上句consumer—oriented sales．．．may be needed．．．to．．．相对应。
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