2. 外语
  3. While historian Linda Nicholson sees women’s participation in voluntary associations as activities consistent with the increasin

While historian Linda Nicholson sees women’s participation in voluntary associations as activities consistent with the increasin

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问题     While historian Linda Nicholson sees women’s participation in voluntary associations as activities consistent with the increasing relegation of women’s lives to a separate, “private” sphere in nineteenth-century Europe, historian Katherine Lynch argues that these kinds of activities enabled women to join with one another and to develop a kind of shadow citizenship within civil society, if not the formal state. These kinds of experiences were no substitute for actual political entitlements, Lynch suggests, but they deserve more attention for their importance in helping individuals forge enduring bonds of community and identity beyond domestic life. Only by limiting one’s notion of public life to formal political participation, she says, can one conclude that most women in Western society have ever been literally consigned to a separate or “private” sphere.
The passage implies that Lynch would agree that formal political participation
选项 A、was increasingly important as the nineteenth century progressed
B、was an underreported phenomenon among women in nineteenth century Europe within civil society
C、is crucial to helping individuals form community ties
D、is a significant component of public life
E、is indicative of a kind of shadow citizenship
答案D
解析 根据第一句的句内取反可知尼科尔森与林奇的观点相对立。尼科尔森认为女性参与自治组织中因此不可能是参与政治的早期阶段。C项表述相反。根据凯瑟琳.林奇的观点，这些经历是女性参与公共生活的体现，D项文中未提及。E项文中未提及。林奇认为这种行为是public，再根据第三句，只有当人们把公共生活视作和正规的政治参与等价的时候，那些女性才属于private。但既然林奇认为这些女性是public，因此公共生活就不仅仅包括了正规的政治参与，这些女性的活动也可以包含进去。因此正规的政治参与只是公共生活的一部分。选项D正确。A项文中未提及。B项根据第二句no substitute for actual political entitlements可知，林奇认为女性的活动不属于正规的政治参与，因此不能说政治参与被低估了。C项同选项B，政治参与没法为女性社区形成纽带，所以选项C也不对。E项体现隐蔽公民权的是女性的自治组织，而非正规政治参与。
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