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It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases

admin2015-11-16  60
问题     It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.
    Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involving any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.
    Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words"—ready for instant use. An average U. S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example , the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.
    The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.
The whole passage implies that______.
选项 A、only human beings have problem-solving intelligence
B、a person’ s memory is different from a computer’ s in every respect
C、animals are able to solve only very simple problems
D、animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence
答案C
解析 推理判断题。从文章第二段小老鼠的例子可判断，动物也有记忆，也有一定解决问题的智力，所以C是对的。根据文章最后一段第一句提到的“高级智力advanced intelligence”可知动物也有智力，只是相比人类智力低而已，所以A说只有人类才有解决问题的智力是不准确的；D说动物解决问题靠本能而不靠智力也是不对的。而根据文章的第三段，计算机在存储“词汇”方面和一个十几岁的少年是一样的，所以B说计算机存储和人脑记忆在各方面都不一样是错误的。
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