首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Audience of Writing Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the follo
Audience of Writing Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the follo
admin
2019-04-25
25
问题
Audience of Writing
Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the following aspects:
I. Your 【T1】______ to your audience 【T1】______
Through writing, you are making social 【T2】______ with 【T2】______
other members of the society.
II. Their 【T3】______ of your subject 【T3】______
This analysis is particularly valuable in 【T4】______ writing. 【T4】______
III. Their 【T5】______ to the subject and your position in the writing 【T5】______
This analysis is extremely important in 【T6】______ writing. 【T6】______
1. To those who agree
—【T7】______ the importance of your position 【T7】______
2. To those who are 【T8】______ 【T8】______
—address their 【T9】______ as directly and fully as possible 【T9】______
3. To those who disagree
—try to 【T10】______ why they disagree 【T10】______
There may be two main reasons for their disagreement:
1. 【T11】______ of information or viewing the information differently 【T11】______
2. personal, political or 【T12】______ reasons 【T12】______
Ways to 【T13】______their disagreement: 【T13】______
1. For the former
—give them relevant information as 【T14】______ as possible 【T14】______
2. For the latter
—show your 【T15】______ of them and address them accordingly 【T15】______
【T3】
Audience of Writing
Good morning. Today we will talk about the audience of writing. Before you write something, you need to have a clear idea of the topic, the audience, and the purpose of your writing. In this lecture, we’ll concentrate on one of these elements, the audience. This is a very important concept for writing. The term audience usually refers to viewers of movies and TV shows and listeners of radio programs. Here we expand it to include readers of written materials or any discussions of writing activities. The importance of a keen awareness of your audience throughout the writing process can not be overemphasized. Audiences can be examined from three different perspectives:
1. Your social relations to your audience:
2. Your audience’s knowledge about your subject:
3. Your audience’s attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing.
Let’s discuss them one by one. Now, first point, analyze your audience in terms of your social relations. Whenever you write, you are interacting with other members of the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours? To a colleague? To the director of your business , firm? To the admission office of an American college? In each situation, you have a different social relationship with your audience and this relationship has a definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her right mind would write a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean was one of his or her buddies.
The second point, analyze your audience in terms of their knowledge of the subject you are writing about. This analysis is valuable particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose you are writing a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival and Thanksgiving. How much knowledge would you assume your American readers already have about the Chinese holiday and how much about their own? Obviously, very little about the former and a whole lot about the latter. In such a paper, you need to take care not to bore your readers to death by telling them what they already know while leaving them tantalizingly unsatisfied about what they are so eager to learn. The emphasis here should be to show the striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustively detailed information on each holiday.
Now, the third point, analyze your audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. This analysis is vitally important in writing persuasive or argumentative essays, which is much more complex and challenging. In a persuasive essay you present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a belief or to take a position or a specific action. For persuasive or argumentative writings, you can classify audiences into three groups: those who agree, those who are neutral or undecided, and those who disagree.
When writing to an audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there much you need to do? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already shares your view about developing and maintaining a mature and constructive relationship between China and the United States in the 21st century, all you need to do is restate why such a relationship is in the vital interests of both countries and of the whole world.
When writing to audiences who are neutral or undecided, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say you want to propose that anew financial aid system be established to help those bright students in rural and less prosperous areas of the country. You are concerned that with today’s new tuition policy and practice, those students will be priced out of a chance for the high education they deserve so much. Some people may be undecided because they have some doubts and concerns: Where does the money needed for such an aid come from? What are the specific standards whereby to award scholarships? Are there more fair and efficient alternative solutions? Once you find out why your audiences are undecided, you need to address their doubts and concerns as directly and fully as possible. You have a fairly good chance of winning them over when their questions are answered satisfactorily.
And audiences who disagree are the most difficult to write to. Different people disagree with you for different reasons. Some of them may have already given the issue a thought and have already made a choice: therefore, it is extremely difficult to change their minds. Others who disagree may not have had the time to think it over seriously.
There are two main possible reasons why your audiences may disagree with you: 1. because they don’t have the "facts" or because they look at the same "facts" differently: 2. because they are influenced by their personal opinion, prejudice, and political or religious beliefs. Once you have found why they disagree, you can decide what is the best approach to such audiences. If it is a lack of information, your job is to give them the relevant historical as well as up to date information as accurately as possible. If it is for personal, political and religious reasons, you need to recognize them, understand them, and address them accordingly.
Now, we can see that audience awareness is so crucial to the success of your writing. In actual practice, you may need to analyze your audience in terms of three factors: social relations, knowledge, and viewpoints in order to decide the best approach for your writing. And in the next lecture, we’ll discuss the writing purpose and your role in the writing. Thanks for your attention!
选项
答案
knowledge
解析
原文提到第二方面的内容为分析读者对话题已有的知识程度。空格处填knowledge。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/JiEK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Weuselanguageeveryday.Weliveinaworldofwords.Hardlyanymomentpasseswithsomeonetalking,writingor【S1】______read
Communicationisfarmorethanspeechandwriting.Mostofusareawarethatwearecommunicatinginmanydifferentwayseven【S1
Communicationisfarmorethanspeechandwriting.Mostofusareawarethatwearecommunicatinginmanydifferentwayseven【S1
Itisimportantthattheeducationtoyouthsaimsatdevelopingasocialawarenessintheseadults-to-be.Itisimportantthat
Educationgivesustheknowledgeoftheworldaroundus.Itdevelopswithusaperspectiveoflookingatlife.Ithelpsusbuild
Aprojectlikelytoevolveinthenearorintermediatefutureisspacetourism.Todayspacetourismhasbecomeapurecommercial
Aprojectlikelytoevolveinthenearorintermediatefutureisspacetourism.Todayspacetourismhasbecomeapurecommercial
CrossCulturalBusinessPresentationsWithinthebusinessenvironment,understandingandcopingwithinterculturaldifferencesb
A、Havemilkforbreakfast.B、Sleepovertime.C、Lookforthings.D、Takeexercise.C句(2)中主持人提到,许多人在早上都会花时间来找东西,要么是眼镜,要么是钥匙,而且你从来不知
随机试题
流行音乐对大学生有巨大冲击,正对他们产生恶劣的影响。书籍需要潜心钻研,它们自然无法去与流行音乐的通俗易懂、猛烈激昂竞争。怎能设想,一旦大学生沉溺到流行音乐的激烈喧嚣中不能自拔,他们还能去孜孜研读柏拉图或爱因斯坦的鸿篇巨制?流行音乐引发的兴趣,使大学生对学习
Thirtyyearsago,whenChristianBoerwasfirstlearninghowtoreadwhilegrowingupintheNetherlands,hemadealotofmista
公务谈判的基本前提和目标是什么?如何才能达到这一目标?
提出“相对收入假定”的经济学家是
夏季,某青年工人在炼钢炉前工作,饮水较少,到下午3时突然感到头晕、双下肢疼痛难忍,时而缓解,时而发作。经检查,患者体温37℃,神志清楚,该工人可能是()
A.阿卡波糖B.氯磺丙脲C.精蛋白锌胰岛素D.甲苯磺丁脲E.正规胰岛素下列胰岛素制剂的作用时间最长的是
报告法是指报告单位根据原始记录和台账核算有关资料,并以统计报表的形式逐级上报的调查方法。()
工程造价信息和其他信息一样要保持新鲜度,这体现了工程造价信息的()特点。
如果一份订单包括3种产品,每种产品的在库率分别为90%、80%、90%,则这份订单完全履行的概率是()。
WhilewesterngovernmentsworryoverthethreatofEbola,amorepervasivebutfarlessharmful【C1】______isspreadingthrough
最新回复
(
0
)