首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Most graduate programs in American universities produce a product for which there is no market(candidates for teaching positions
Most graduate programs in American universities produce a product for which there is no market(candidates for teaching positions
admin
2017-06-11
21
问题
Most graduate programs in American universities produce a product for which there is no market(candidates for teaching positions that do not exist)and develop skills for which there is diminishing demand(research in subfields within subfields and publication in journals read by no one other than a few like-minded colleagues), all at a rapidly rising cost.
Widespread hiring freezes and layoffs have brought these problems into sharp relief now. But our graduate system has been in crisis for decades, and the seeds of this crisis go as far back as the formation of modern universities. Kant, in his 1798 work "The Conflict of the Faculties," wrote that universities should "handle the entire content of learning by mass production, so to speak, by a division of labor, so that for every branch of the sciences there would be a public teacher or professor appointed as its trustee. "
Unfortunately this mass-production university model has led to separation where there ought to be collaboration and to ever-increasing specialization. In my own department, for example, we have 10 faculty members, working in eight subfields, with little overlap. And as departments fragment, research and publication become more and more about less and less .
The emphasis on narrow scholarship also encourages an educational system that has become a process of cloning. Faculty members cultivate those students whose futures they envision as identical to their own pasts, even though their tenures will stand in the way of these students having futures as full professors.
The dirty secret of higher education is that without underpaid graduate students to help in laboratories and with teaching, universities couldn’t conduct research or even instruct their growing undergraduate populations. That’s one of the main reasons we still encourage people to enroll in doctoral programs. It is simply cheaper to provide graduate students with modest stipends and teaching assistants with as little as $ 5, 000 a course—with no benefits—than it is to hire full-time professors.
The other obstacle to change is that colleges and universities are self-regulating or, in academic terms, governed by peer review. While trustees and administrations theoretically have some oversight responsibility, in practice, departments operate independently. To complicate matters further, once a faculty member has been granted tenure he is functionally autonomous. Many academics who cry out for the regulation of financial markets vehemently oppose it in their own departments.
The boldfaced phrase "less and less"(in Paragraph 3)refers to______.
选项
A、diminishing governmental support
B、publications in decreasing number
C、theories with growing intelligibility
D、increasingly specialized knowledge
答案
D
解析
本题是语意理解题。根据题干可找到第三段的对应原句“And as departmentsfragment,research and publication become more and more about less and less.”,研究和出版物数量越来越多,但是研究的范围却越来越狭隘。由此可知D正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/JwFO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
The_____ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.
Duringthepasttenorfifteenyears,agreatdealofattentionhasbeen【C1】______to"tellingitlikeitis,"or"lettingitallh
Duringthepasttenorfifteenyears,agreatdealofattentionhasbeen【C1】______to"tellingitlikeitis,"or"lettingitallh
Povertyanddomesticviolencemakeiteasyforhertotrustthatbadthingswillhappenandtakethis_____happinessaway.
Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffin
AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994,earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport;Thedamageanddeath
Seariseasaconsequenceofglobalwarmingwouldimmediatelythreatenthatlargefractionoftheglobelivingatsealevel.Nea
ResalePriceMaintenanceisthenameusedwhenaretaileriscompelledtosellatapricefixedbythemanufacturerinsteadofc
Everyoneitseemshasahealthproblem.AfterpouringbillionsintotheNationalHealthService,Britishpeoplemoanaboutdirty
Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliti
随机试题
一患者涂抹某种化妆品后5~7天,再次涂抹时局部出现红肿、水泡,病变边界不清,有灼热感,患处瘙痒,应诊断为
下述对强夯置换法的叙述中不正确的是( )。
海关作出行政裁定的期限,应当自受理申请之日起()内作出裁定。
2018年5月甲公司安排李某于5月1日(国际劳动节)、5月7日(周六)分别加班1天,事后未安排补休,已知甲公司实行标准工时制,李某的日工资为200元。计算甲公司应支付李某5月最低加班工资的下列算式中,正确的是()。
阅读材料,完成问题。帕斯卡尔《人是一根能思想的苇草》原文我很能想象一个人没有手、没有脚、没有头(因为只是经验才教导我们说,头比脚更为必要)。然而,我不能想象人没有思想,那就成了一块顽石或者一头畜牲了。思想形成人的伟大。
2006盏亮着的电灯,各有一个开关控制,按顺序编号为1,2,…,2006。将编号为2的倍数的灯的开关各按一下,再将编号为3的倍数的灯的开关各按一下,最后将编号为5的倍数的灯的开关各按一下。按完后亮着的灯有多少盏?
下面对应用层协议的说法中,正确的是(57)________。
Intoday’sworld,manufacturers’innovationsareeasilycopiedandthusdifferencesbetweenproductsareusually(i)______;adve
Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatch
【B1】【B6】
最新回复
(
0
)