首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy ques
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy ques
admin
2017-06-30
59
问题
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.
Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.
As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate — that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.
The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by______.
选项
A、the employed poor
B、dependent children in single-earner families
C、workers who become disabled
D、retired workers
答案
A
解析
本题是推理题。从关键词income transfer可找到第二段的对应句“Finally,income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly,disabled,…that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.”,我国的收入转移总是集中在老年人、残疾人或者无业的人身上,却忽略了那些有工作的贫困者的需要。因此,现金和实物转移的急剧增加未必意味着在劳务市场上失败的人能够得到充分的保护。此句包含了B、C、D三项所提到的群体,唯独A没有提及,因此是正确选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/K0FO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Howcanpersonalincometaxbeleviedto____asmanyaspossiblewhileatthesametimeensuringStatefinancesdonotsuffertoo
InMicrosoft’slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded【C1】______itsnew
Ithinkyoucantakea(n)____languagecoursetoimproveyourEnglish.
Thegreatchariotofsociety,whichforsolonghadrundownthegentleslopeoftradition,nowfounditselfpoweredbyaninterna
Inadditiontoredistributingincomes,inflationmayaffectthetotalrealincomeandproductionofthecommunity.Anincreasein
Heatexhaustionisaconditioncausedby____tosunlightoranotherheatsourcewhichoftenresultsindehydrationandsaltdeple
democracyimaginationdifferentflexibilityovercomeonlineoffertraditionalmodern
WhenIwaswalkingdownthestreettheotherday,Ihappenedtonoticeasmallbrownleatherwalletlyingonthesidewalk.Ipic
IwasinsomedoubtastowhethertheCorporalhad______usaccidentallyonhiswayoutofthetownorifhe’dbeendeliberately
Governmentisnotmadeinvirtueofnaturalrights,whichmayanddoexistintotalindependenceofit,andexistinmuchgreate
随机试题
具体地说,以人为本就是一切从人民的利益和要求出发,在发展经济的基础上,不断提高人民群众的物质、文化和精神健康生活水平,做到()。
上消化道大出血休克时,首先的治疗措施是
A.肝B.心C.脾D.肺E.肾具有主统血功能的脏是
关于债务重组,下列说法中,正确的有()。
紫檀博物馆位于建国路23号,是我国目前规模最大的民办博物馆。()
(1)上述三幅图各反映出幼儿绘画的哪种表现方式?(2)怎么理解幼儿的绘画?(3)评价幼儿画时应注意什么问题?
2015年9月15日,网友在微博上爆料称,在B市某知名餐馆的包子中吃出蟑螂,并附有一张包子底部粘着蟑螂的照片。该网友表示,“吃包子的时候看着点!发现有蟑螂找他去退态度极其恶劣,太恶心了”。无独有偶,一个月后,另一名网友发布微博,称在该餐馆另一分店的醋里吃出
已知总体X的概率密度f(x)=(λ>0),X1,X2,…,Xn是来自总体X的简单随机样本。求λ的矩估计量和最大似然估计量。
只能用来显示字符信息的控件是()。
Generallyspeaking,aBritishiswidelyregardedasaquiet,shyandconservativepersonwhois【C1】______onlyamongthosewithw
最新回复
(
0
)