首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy ques
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy ques
admin
2017-06-30
48
问题
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.
Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.
As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate — that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.
The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by______.
选项
A、the employed poor
B、dependent children in single-earner families
C、workers who become disabled
D、retired workers
答案
A
解析
本题是推理题。从关键词income transfer可找到第二段的对应句“Finally,income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly,disabled,…that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.”,我国的收入转移总是集中在老年人、残疾人或者无业的人身上,却忽略了那些有工作的贫困者的需要。因此,现金和实物转移的急剧增加未必意味着在劳务市场上失败的人能够得到充分的保护。此句包含了B、C、D三项所提到的群体,唯独A没有提及,因此是正确选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/K0FO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thisisamarketinwhichenterprisingbusinesses_____forthedemandsofteenagersandolderyouthsinalltheirrockmaniaand
Thegreatchariotofsociety,whichforsolonghadrundownthegentleslopeoftradition,nowfounditselfpoweredbyaninterna
FranklinDelanoRooseveltwastheU.S.Presidentwhenmanybusinesseswere____duringtheGreatDepression.
ForthepeoplewhohavenevertraveledacrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossitfrequentlyo
Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopic-."ChinaIshotreadyforE-education"(E-educa-tion:atypeofeducationconducte
Atthefall2001SocialScienceHistoryAssociationconventioninChicago,theCrimeandJusticenetworksponsoredaforumonth
Evenbeforeheis80,theagingpersonmayundergoanotheridentitycrisislikethatofadolescence.Perhapstherehadalsobeen
Themulti-billion-dollarWesternpopmusicindustryisunderfire.ItisbeingblamedbytheUnitedNationsforthedramaticris
Weweremostflatteredtofindthatwehadawonderfully______audienceforlastnight’sperformance.
TheBritishCourtofAppealhascutlibeldamagesawardedtoMcDonald’s,theworld’slargestfast-foodchain,againsttwopennil
随机试题
噎膈的发病机制主要是
多系统器官功能衰竭的第一靶器官是()。
投资活动所取得的成果与所占用或消耗的投资之间的对比关系是指( )。
在借贷记账法下,“借”和“贷”作为记账符号()。
下列关于财务报表的说法,不正确的是()。
下列属于银行总成本的支出有()。
某校三年级有位叫王峰的学生,经常迟到、旷课、去游戏厅,甚至打架、敲竹杠,学习成绩就更不说了,门门功课挂红灯,尽管班主任老师多次教育,仍不见好转。向同学借钱,同学不借就打同学,以致班里同学见了他都躲得远远的。虽然偶尔也有进步,但没过两天就又恢复原样,以致班主
属于宋代风俗画题材的作品是()。
皑皑白雪在中国东北地区,是众多滑雪基地得以开办的自然条件。而在南方地区,连续的降雪低温却造成了损失巨大的灾害。这表明,同一现象在不同条件下,会产生截然不同的作用和影响。这启发我们注意()。
A.atwhichB.takeupC.positivePhrases:A.neverto【T7】______smokingtobeginwithB.whichisa【T8】______signC.【T9】______
最新回复
(
0
)