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  3. Gordon Shaw the physicist, 66, and colleagues have discovered what’s known as the "Mozart effect", the ability of a Mozart sonat

Gordon Shaw the physicist, 66, and colleagues have discovered what’s known as the "Mozart effect", the ability of a Mozart sonat

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问题     Gordon Shaw the physicist, 66, and colleagues have discovered what’s known as the "Mozart effect", the ability of a Mozart sonata, under the right circumstances, to improve the listener’s mathematical and reasoning abilities. But the findings are controversial and have launched all kinds of crank notions about using music to make kids smarter. The hype, he warns, has gotten out of hand.
    But first, the essence: is there something abut the brain cells work to explain the effect? In 1978 the neuroscientist Vernon Mountacastle devised a model of the neural structure of the brain’s gray matter. Looking like a thick band of colorful bead work, it represents the firing patterns of groups of neurons. Building on Mountcastle, Shaw and his team constructed a model of their own. On a lark, xiaodan Leng, who was Shaw’s colleague at the time, used a synthesizer to translate these patterns into music. What came out of the speakers wasn’t exactly toe-tapping, but it was music. Shaw and Leng inferred that music and brain-wave activity are built on the same sort of pattern.
    "Gordon is a contrarian in his thinking," says his longtime friend, Nobel Prize-winning Standford Physicist Martin Perl. "That’s important. In new areas of science, such as brain research, nobody knows how to do it."
    What do neuroscientists and psychologists think of Shaw’s findings? They haven’t condemned it, but neither have they confirmed it. Maybe you have to take them with a grain of salt, but the experiments by Shaw and his colleagues are intriguing. In March a team led by Shaw announced that young children who had listened to the Mozart sonata and studied the piano over a period of months improved their scores by 27% on a test of ratios and proportions. The control group against which they were measured received compatible enrichment course — minus the music. The Mozart-trained kids are now doing math three grade levels ahead of their peers, Shaw claims.
    Proof of all this, of course, is necessarily elusive because it can be difficult to do a double blind experiment of educational techniques. In a double blind trial of an arthritis drug, neither the study subjects nor the experts evaluating them know which ones got the best treatment and which a dummy pill. How do you keep the participants from knowing it’s Mozart on the CD?
The important condition for the Mozart-trained kids to outsmart the control group is
选项 A、being particularly trained to tackle math problems
B、listening to a specific Mozart and playing the piano
C、having extra courses designed exclusively for them
D、studying the piano for its breathtaking complexity
答案B
解析 从第四段得知实验组和对照组的唯一的不同就是实验组听音乐弹钢琴，而对照组则不然，所以B为答案。
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