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  3. Surveys have shown that most football and basketball injuries involve the knee, either through twisting or through application o

Surveys have shown that most football and basketball injuries involve the knee, either through twisting or through application o

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问题     Surveys have shown that most football and basketball injuries involve the knee, either through twisting or through application of lateral force. Surgery for such injuries has become much simpler with the invention of a thin device containing a fiber optics light that can be inserted into a thin slit in the knee. Repair can be accomplished through this narrow opening. Long-distance runners also suffer knee injuries, but a more common problem for runners is stress fracture, which is a weakening of the front of the shinbone caused by overuse, with pain and possible bone cracking as the result. Ligament tears are more common in gymnastics. Almost all these conditions heal with rest. Prevention of injuries depends primarily on good conditioning. Athletes are also protected by the use of better padding materials and of face masks and eye protectors in rough sports.
    The improper or illegal use of drugs and substances for the temporary improvement of athletic performance in competitions has been a frequent subject of inquiry since the 1960s, when drug misuse by athletes to gain an unfair advantage began to rise dramatically. Anabolic steroids supposedly improve strength and endurance, but they can also have harmful side effects as liver damage. Tests for drugs such as heroin and other stimulants were introduced at the Olympic Games in 1968. Anabolic steroids were not banned until 1974, when a suitable test was developed. The illegality of some drugs has not been accepted by a number of other international and national amateur athletic federations, for reasons including testing uncertainties, doubts about banning certain medicinal substances or common drugs such as caffeine, and simple lack of concern. Controversy has also arisen over the legality of the practice of "blood doping," in which an athlete receives a blood transfusion just before an event. The resulting increase in red blood cells apparently increases the athlete’s aerobic power.
According to the passage, drug misuse by athletes is considered as______.
选项
答案gaining an unfair advantage in competitions
解析 根据第二段第一句话中的“…when drug misuse by athletes to gain an unfairadvantage began to rise dramatically．”可知，运动员滥用药物被认为是在比赛中获取不公平的有利条件。
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