2. 外语
  3. Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the

Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the

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问题     Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements (引诱)which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.
    Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization,  but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy(等级制度 )whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.
    One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization, that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as association with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.
Which of the following statements may be supported by Morse and Weiss?
选项 A、Physiological needs are the most basic.
B、There is a hierarchy of needs that must be met.
C、Economic factors are the greatest inducement.
D、Personal esteem and the gaining of power is the most important factor.
答案D
解析 细节题。文章最后一段介绍了Morse和Weiss的观点，他们认为与他人交往的需要，通过工作得到自尊的需要，以及工作所具有的兴趣价值都是可以有效地吸引人们工作的因素，因此选择D。B选项是Maslow的观点；由最后一段第一句可知C选项不正确；在Morse和Weiss的观点中并没有提及A选项的内容。答案是D。
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大学英语四级

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