2. 外语
  3. Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much c

Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much c

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问题     Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and
dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much
conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict,
SO, Can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive【S1】________
way.
    Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however,
suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be complex to determine【S2】________
than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict
among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for
profit—seeking organizations and others for non—profit organizations.
Somewhat surprised, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict【S3】________
varied systematically as a function of the type of organization.
Specifically, managers in non-profit organizations strongly believed that
conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that they promoted【S4】________
higher quality decision-making than what might be achieved at the【S5】________
absence of conflict.
    Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They
believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to good【S6】________
quality decision-making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted
these results in the terms of the criteria for effective decision—making【S7】________
suggested by the executives. In the profit—seeking organizations,
decision-making effectiveness was mostly often assessed in financial【S8】________
terms. The executives believed that consensus other than conflict【S9】________
enhanced financial indicators.
    In the non-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was
defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Giving the【S10】________
complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse
constituents, executives perceived that conflict led to more considered
and acceptable decisions.  
【S1】
选项
答案so—however
解析 衔接副词误用。上文分别列举了矛盾太少及矛盾太多所带来的不利影响。下文则说“适当的矛盾可以激发创造力并以健康和竞争的方式激励人们”。由此可知，此处上下文没有因果关系，而是上述情况的对比，故应该用表示转折关系的however。
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