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  3. Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers. These habits

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers. These habits

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问题     Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.
" There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits, " said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. "We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically"
    The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
    If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners , fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
    A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
    " Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns, " said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. " Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable. "
    Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to_________.
选项 A、reveal their impact on people’s habits
B、show the urgent need of daily necessities
C、indicate their effect on people’s buying power
D、manifest the significant role of good habits
答案A
解析 本题考查考生根据细节信息进行推理判断的能力。文章第五段中提到瓶装水、口香糖和润肤霜等产品过去只吸引很少的消费者或特定消费人群。如今在商业广告的推动下，这些产品已经为大多数消费者接受，成为他们生活习惯的一部分。如过去人们很少喝水，现在办公室工作人员每天大量饮用瓶装水；过去主要针对青少年男子销售的口香糖，现在被广泛作为口气清新剂；润肤霜成为早上美容步骤中必不可少的一个环节。在第六段中，Berning博士总结道，“我们的产品只有在成为消费者日常生活方式的一部分时才是成功的”。由此可以推断出，上述产品对于人们的生活已经产生了极大影响。选项[A]所说“显示这些产品对人们生活习惯的影响”是本题的正确答案。选项[B]的含义为“显示人们对于日常生活用品的迫切需求”；选项[C]的含义为“显示这些产品对于人们购买力的影响”；选项[D]的含义为“反映出好习惯的重要作用”，这三个选项显然都不是作者在第五段举例的目的。
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