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  3. Johanna Levelt Sengers stands at the top of her profession but confesses that " it can be a little lonely" as one of only two wo

Johanna Levelt Sengers stands at the top of her profession but confesses that " it can be a little lonely" as one of only two wo

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问题     Johanna Levelt Sengers stands at the top of her profession but confesses that " it can be a little lonely" as one of only two women in the 82-member engineering sciences section of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences(NAS). A scientist emeritus at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, she belongs to both NAS and its partner, the National Academy of Engineering, where she’s one of seven women within the 173-member chemical engineering section. So in late 2004, when she was asked to co-chair an international panel on women in science with Manju Sharma of India, they decided to examine not just women’s place in society but also their status within the 90 national academies that had requested the report.
    The report, posted last week by the Inter Academy Council(IAC), offers a refreshingly candid assessment of the problems facing women trying to enter and move up in the world of science and engineering. Although it strikes familiar chords about the need to remove barriers and increase opportunities for girls and women, it sings a new tune in commanding the national academies themselves to "first put their own houses in order". In addition to choosing more women as members and leaders of their organizations , each national academy should form a standing committee on diversity to gather and discuss gender-related data, it says.
    " Wow. This is far more hard-hitting and to the point than I had expected," says Donna Dean, president of the Association for Women in Science in Washington, D. C. , and a former senior administrator at the National Institutes of Health, who is now at the Washington, D. C. , science-lobbying firm of Lewis-Burke Associates. "It tells the various academies to stop pontificating about the right thing to do and start showing it in how they operate. "
    The report was funded in part by a $50, 000 grant from L’Oreal. Since 1998, the France-based cosmetics company has honored outstanding women scientists around the world—including five of the eight women on the 10-person IAC panel. Jennifer Campbell, who heads the company’s philanthropic efforts, says she would like to see across-the-board parity for women in science. But Levelt Sengers says she thinks that "a reasonable goal would be no major disparity between the percentage of Ph. D. degrees awarded to women in a particular field and the percentage elected in that field". Most academies are a far cry from reaching even that level.
    NAS President Ralph Cicerone says that there’s " no magic bullet" for adding women to the academy’s ranks but that NAS is trying to increase their chances of gaining the type of recognition— through service on academy panels, keynote speeches, and major scientific awards—that traditionally leads to NAS membership. NAS has no plans "to collapse its activities into one committee on gender issues, "he says, adding that the challenge calls for "a sustained effort... along the entire pipeline".  
By saying "first put their own houses in order"(Lines 4-5, Para. 2), the author probably means______.
选项 A、they should do their own housework properly
B、house tidiness should be put in a priority
C、women scientists should not be stuck by housework
D、they should first settle problems occurring in their institutions
答案D
解析 由题干中的提示可迅速定位到文章第二段，要正确理解文中某一词或句的意思，就要结合上下文语境进行判断。该短语所在的句子意为：责令国家科学团体本身“首先处理好内部存在的女性问题”，换句话说这些团体应处理好发生在本机构内部的女性问题。故可得出正确答案。
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